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Ternary carbonate nanofluids have proven to be a promising high temperature thermal energy storage and transfer medium for solar thermal power. For the ternary carbonate K 2 CO 3 -Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 (4 : 4 : 2, mass ratio) with SiO 2 nanoparticles prepared using a two-step solution method, the enhancement of the specific heat capacity was up to 113.7% at 540 C compared to the ternary carbonate prepared by a direct mixing method. The present work aims to give insights into the marked enhancement of specific heat capacity.The effect of evaporation temperature on the nanostructures formed in ternary carbonate nanofluids is discussed for the enhancement of specific heat capacity. More importantly, based on an analysis of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, it is revealed that the composition ratio of the ternary carbonate, which can influence its specific heat capacity, was changed during the evaporation process in an electrothermal drier. Besides a difference in the solubility of the carbonates in water, it is demonstrated that the heating mode can affect the composition ratio of mixed molten salts.

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Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) significantly affect the mitochondrial state. In this work, TC-2 and TC-8 were constructed through side-chain engineering, in which TC-2 bearing the poorer hydrophobicity could localize on mitochondria better. Interestingly, short-wave emission was captured due to the sensitive response of TC-2 to SO2 (LOD = 13.8 nM). Meanwhile, the probe could bind with DNA, presenting enhanced long-wave emission. Encouragingly, TC-2 could migrate from mitochondria to the nucleus when MMP was decreased, accompanied by the increase of fluorescence lifetime (9-fold). Hence, TC-2 could be used for dual-channel monitoring of mitochondrial SO2 and MMP, which showed a completely different pathway from the commercial MMP detectors JC-1/JC-10. The cellular experiments showed that MMP was gradually decreased due to reactive oxygen species-triggered oxidative stress, and the SO2 level was up-regulated simultaneously. Overall, this work proposed a new method to investigate and diagnose the mitochondrial-related diseases.