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Rapid and highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in blood could effectively improve the diagnostic sensitivity of colorectal cancer. In this work, a platinum microelectrode (PtμE) modified with gold nanoparticles was developed as a microsensor for the detection of CEA. As the recognition element, a CEA aptamer modified with sulfhydryl could be conjugated onto the surface of the PtμEs/Au. The quantitative analysis of the concentration of CEA [CEA] by the prepared PtμEs/Au aptasensor was carried out through square wave voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the PtμEs/Au aptasensor exhibits a linear response toward [CEA] in the range of 1.0 × 10–11—1.0 × 10–7 g/ml (S = 5.5 nA/dec, R2 = 0.999), and the detection limit is 7.7 × 10–12 g/ml. The PtμEs/Au aptasensor also has good selectivity against other types of proteins existing in blood. The availability of the developed assay toward [CEA] in blood samples was investigated, and the results agreed well with those obtained through electrochemiluminescence provided by the hospital, and the volume of the blood sample for detection is only 20 μl. Herein, the proposed detection system could be used for the quantitative analysis of CEA in blood, with the advantages of high sensitivity, short time, and low cost. Moreover, the PtμEs/Au aptasensor has a potential application in clinical diagnosis.

Scientists in fields have studied sport injuries for decades. Sport injuries are often associated with muscle, bone and soft tissue damage. Meanwhile, psychological factors that are related to sports injuries are overlooked. This study demonstrates the psychological antecedents to sports injuries as well as psychological approaches in treatment and rehabilitation. There are several psychological antecedents to sports injuries, such as psychological needs to sports injuries, stress, and psychological reactions to injury. Dealing with these antecedents aids in preventing the adverse outcomes. In addition, stress response of athletes is discussed by applying a stress model. With the acknowledgement of the psychological mechanism behind an injury, interventions that target minimizing psychological distress and maximizing psychological needs are also summarized. Stress control strategies are vital to successful rehabilitation and return to a sport. Moreover, the rehabilitated athletes' psychological needs must be met and promptly dealing with the fear of re-injury ensures better rehabilitation outcomes.

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