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Based on attitude system of appraisal theory as well as adaptation theory, this paper takes the State of the Union Address delivered by President Trump in 2018 as an example to study attitude resources in American political discourse and explores the communicative context adaptation mechanism behind such uses of attitude resources. It is found that a large number of attitude resources are distributed in American political discourse, among which appreciation resources are employed most frequently, followed by judgment resources and affect is the least-used resource, which is the result of President Trump's choice of language to adapt to his social role and mental motivation, psychology of the audience and readers, spatial features of US Capitol and so forth.

Within the framework of the Engagement System of Appraisal Theory, this thesis investigates the heteroglossia of the reasoning of criminal judgments of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong and examines their similarities and differences in the employment of heteroglossic engagement resources and underlying causes. The reasoning of 20 criminal judgments of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong produced upon second instance for the same cause of action are collected and built as two separate corpora to carry out the study. It is found that judges of both Chinese mainland and Hong Kong employ various heteroglossic engagement resources to locate position and negotiate with other voices while proceeding with reasoning. Furthermore, they share some similarities in the selection of subtypes of engagement resources, which is attributed to the fact that they hold similar communicative purposes in the reasoning of judicial judgments; while the differences can be interpreted from the distinct legal doctrines in the mainland and Hong Kong and the textual structure of the reasoning of criminal judgments.

Background: This study aimed to observe the effect of lamellar keratoplasty (LK) after pre-Descemet’s membrane (pre-DM) suture healing of acute corneal hydrops (ACH). Methods: In a retrospective noncomparative case series, 11 patients (11 eyes) with ACH, who underwent pre-DM suture combined with intracameral air injection in the acute stage, underwent LK when the oedema subsided. During surgery, the diseased cornea was stripped layer by layer, and a mild scar in the deep stroma occasionally remained. The age, sex, diagnosis, scope of acute corneal oedema, size and location of scar after oedema healing, operation interval, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), astigmatism, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The average follow-up time was 15.45 ± 8.54 months (6–30 months). The average time from corneal suture to LK was 41.91 ± 36.39 days. After LK, the BCVA was 0.52 ± 0.18 (0.15–0.8), astigmatism on the front surface of corneal topography was 5.63 ± 1.28 D, and apparent optometry CYL was -4.50 ± 1.87 D. The central corneal thickness was 552.81 ± 62.81 μm (449–637 μm). Microperforation occurred in two cases. No other complications occurred in any patients until the last follow-up. Conclusions: LK can be performed earlier after the pre-DM suture of ACH. The combination of the two can shorten the overall course of the disease, significantly improve vision, and avoid the complications of penetrating keratoplasty.

This paper investigates the construction of authorial identity in academic research articles from the perspective of evidentiality through analyzing 12 academic research articles selected at random from Applied Linguistics, Corpus Pragmatics and Journal of Pragmatics. It is found that the rational employment of evidentials in academic research articles contributes to the construction of authorial identity from the respect of author’s authority and reliability, which is reflected in the choice of evidentials.