This paper investigates the changes in body composition and physical fitness of badminton players after short-term high-intensity training. Methods. During an 8-week short-term training camp, 12 nonprofessional badminton players were paired to design training sessions, and body composition and fitness were measured before and after training. Results. After 8 weeks of high-intensity training, there was no significant change in body weight of badminton players P > 0.05 , while lean body mass increased significantly and body fat percentage decreased significantly P < 0.05 . The time of kicking, lying on the back, and standing forward was increased P < 0.05 , and the time of running back and forth 6.1 meters 3 times was shorter than that before training P < 0.05 . Conclusion. The increase of lean body mass can promote the energy conversion, oxygen consumption, and exercise capacity of athletes. Short-term training can reduce excess body fat, promote muscle development, and improve physical fitness.