Electric rail transit systems are large consumers of energy. In trains with regenerative braking capability, a fraction of the energy used to power a train is regenerated during braking. This regenerated energy, if not properly captured, is typically dumped in the form of heat to avoid overvoltage. Finding a way to recuperate regenerative braking energy can result in economic as well as technical merits. In this comprehensive paper, the various methods and technologies that were proposed for regenerative energy recuperation have been analyzed, investigated and compared. These technologies include: train timetable optimization, energy storage systems (onboard and wayside), and reversible substations.Index Terms-Onboard energy storage, regenerative braking, reversible substation, wayside energy storage.
Technical energy losses in low voltage networks are usually estimated by balancing feeded and delivered energy of the analysed grid area, but generally it is not possible to derive information for loss reduction opportunities out of these data. The proposed method calculates grid losses in low voltage networks and takes the effect of short time load peaks as well as unbalanced loads into consideration by using standard load profiles in connection with an obtained loss correction function. It provides the option to point out high loss areas or equipment owning a high potential for loss reduction, to allow optimised investments in development and maintenance of the system.
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