In the second half of the 20th century, the main focus of transport policy and transport studies was on the reduction of the use of motorised, individual transport, in particular with regard to daily commuter traYc. The main concepts concentrated on creating an attractive public transport supply and, where possible, improving the infrastructure for non-motorized traYc in order to open up alternative forms of travel. Although these concepts produced noticeable eVects on everyday travel, they could not cope with steadily rising problems in the Weld of leisure traYc. Therefore, primarily supply oriented, autocratic desktop transport policies cannot be seen as a promising approach within the leisure context.Consequently, the article focuses on the necessary key factors for successful leisure and tourism public transport provision. It stresses the need for rethinking transport policy by choosing a demand oriented approach and realising the importance of additional accompanying eVorts in the areas of marketing, transparency and quality. Focusing on the demand side, with its individual attitudes and preferences, leads to a new understanding of traYc planning by adopting a bottom up, rather than a top down approach.

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HighlightsRejoinder to claims of Shani and Arad (2014) Extent of scientific consensus on climate change indicated Evidence for climate change is observational and predictive Extent of tourism related emissions indicated Concern of climate denial for scientific debate and communication Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a fashionable and highly controversial scientific topic . This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that humaninduced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not. . ABSTRACT

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Co-creation in tourism is a powerful way of developing involving and meaningful experiences of services, places, and cultures that tourists have contact with when traveling. Cultural heritage should thus not only attract the passive “tourist gaze” but rather stimulate the curious visitor to engage creatively with this heritage in ways that cultural heritage providers may creatively imagine. This is easier to say than do. This article discusses the role of higher education in improving students’ competences regarding the development of co-creation opportunities with cultural heritage. Results of a survey and additional interviews directed at those involved in cultural heritage management and training identified challenges for improving higher education curricula in tourism and heritage management. Additional research and respective teaching and management efforts need to overcome not only national borders in cultural heritage provision for tourists but also borders between teachers and students, academia and practitioners, heritage and tourism, and global and local themes and experiences.