Methane is a potential alternative energy source which is abundant and produces lower CO2 emissions when it is used as fuel due to the content of C in the methane molecule is much lesser than its H content. Besides in a form of gas, methane in nature can also be in the form of methane hydrates. The formation process of methane hydrates in nature can be adopted as a method of storage of methane. In this study, a thermodynamics review will be studied related to temperature and pressure in a phase equilibrium system of methane hydrate . Thermodynamic model aims to predict the stability of methane hydrates for effective storage of methane. Each volume of methane hydrate contains as 164 volumes of methane gas under standard conditions ( STP ). The study was conducted by adsorbing methane on a wet porous carbon with the method of static volumetric.. The experimental results show that at the temperature of 274 K methane hydrates was formed at a pressure of 2.75 MPa; at a temperature of 275 K, pressure of 3.16 MPa; at a temperature of 276 K, pressure of 3.44 MPa, while at a temperature of 277 K, pressure of 3.67 MPa. Temperatures and pressures data are used to calculate the parameters of Langmuir equation constants modeled by the Van der Waals - Platteeuw for the chemical potential of water in the hydrate phase, Holder et al for the chemical potential of water in the liquid phase, as well as for the Gibbs-Thomson effect of porous carbon media.
Masalah pengolahan air terproduksi di wilayah penambangan Wonocolo mulai menjadi perhatian sejak ditetapkannya Wonocolo sebagai Petroleum Geoheritage. Air terproduksi yang ikut terangkut ke permukaan pada saat pengambilan minyak bumi di sumur minyak Wonocolo memiliki tingkat kekeruhan 105 NTU, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1714 mg/L, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 90 mg/L, dan nilai COD 77,9 mg/L. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media filtrasi pasir aktif dan karbon aktif sebelum air dimasukkan ke membran bioreaktor. Hasil pengolahan air terproduksi tanpa menggunakan media filtrasi menghasilkan air dengan tingkat kekeruhan 0,33 NTU, COD 35, TSS 8 mg/L dan efisiensi penurunan TDS 90,45 %, sedangkan dengan pasir aktif menghasilkan tingkat kekeruhan 0 NTU, COD 7,1 mg/L; TSS 6 mg/L, dengan efektivitas penurunan TDS 91,85%. Sementara pada media karbon aktif, tingkat kekeruhan 0,27 NTU; COD 10,5 mg/L; TSS 4 mg/L dengan efektivitas penurunan TDS 90,97%. Pengolahan menggunakan media filtrasi menghasilkan air yang memiliki kualitas lebih baik dari pada tanpa filtrasi. Media filtrasi pasir aktif lebih baik daripada karbon aktif. Media filtrasi juga dapat menurunkan beban membran dalam mengolah air.
The Cepu Block Oil Field has been traditionally extracted since 2008 by the local community in Wonocolo. The oil well-produced gas and fluids consisted of crude oil and produced water. This oil production activity discharges high amounts of produced water. The fluids have been settled down in the sedimentation tank to gain the crude oil optimally. The remaining fluid called produced water has been discharged to the surface towards the river without any further treatment. This activity led to the deterioration of environmental quality. This study aimed to analyze the performance of produced water treatment by rapid sand filtration by measuring the degree of turbidity removal under the specific condition on a laboratory scale using lava sand. The sedimentation was conducted in 3 hours of retention time following the real field condition of the oil production process by community in one sample well. The rapid sand filtration was conducted by a fixed bed column method with 0.2 cm of grain size. The sedimentation process followed by the rapid sand filtration in produced water treatment yielded the high efficiency of turbidity removal reaching 98.65 %. The rapid sand filter also worked excellently in turbidity removal attaining 96.48 % of efficiency. These results confirmed that the sedimentation already done by the community followed by the rapid sand filtration is promising decentralized technology to be applied in a remote area such as Old Oil Wells Wonocolo regarding turbidity removal.
Metana merupakan sumber energi alternatif yang sangat potensial dan melimpah serta menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang lebih rendah ketika digunakan sebagai bahan bakar karena kandungan C dalam molekul metana jauh lebih kecil dari kandungan H nya. Selain ada dalam bentuk gas, metana di alam juga bisa berada dalam bentuk metana hidrat. Setiap volume metana hidrat mengandung sebanyak 164 volume gas metana dalam keadaan standar (STP). Proses terbentuknya metana hidrat di alam dapat diadopsi sebagai metode penyimpanan gas metana. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan percobaan pembentukan metana hidrat pada karbon mesopori dengan jumlah air yang bervariasi untuk mengetahui kandungan air optimum untuk membentuk metana hidrat secara efektif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengadsorpsi gas metana pada karbon berpori yang basah dengan metode static volumetric. Untuk mengetahui rasio yang optimum terhadap proses terbentuknya metana hidrat, maka pada penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan dengan rasio berat air dibandingkan karbon berpori 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5 ; 2. Sistem adsorpsi dikondisikan pada suhu 275 K dengan maksud untuk menghindari terbentuknya es (sistem dikondisikan diatas titik beku air). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rasio air : karbon mesopori yang memberikan jumlah metana hidrat yang paling besar adalah pada R = 1
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