Berdasarkan latar belakang peneliti, materi dibuku siswa kurang lengkap, penyajian soal yang tidak sesuai dengan materi dibuku siswa dan guru hanya menggunakan buku guru. Upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan Pengembangan buku ajar berbasis model Problem Based Learning (PBL) bertujuan untuk menghasilkan buku ajar berbasis model PBL untuk guru dan peserta didik kelas IV SD yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Model Pengembangan 4D yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu: Tahap pendefinisian meliputi analisis kurikulum, analisis karakteristik peserta didik, analisis materi dan merumuskan tujuan. Tahap perancangan dilakukan merancang lembar instrumen dan buku ajar berbasis model PBL. Tahap pengembangan, rancangan buku ajar diubah bentuk wujud nyata produk dan tahap penyebaran buku ajar ini sangat terbatas. Hasil penelitian pengembangan buku ajar menggunakan uji validitas diperoleh data persentase RPP 89% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil persentase buku ajar diperoleh 84% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil uji praktikalitas dari Penilaian respon guru diperoleh 92% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Sedangkan hasil uji efektifitas yang didukung oleh penilaian hasil belajar dengan hasil persentase 84% dengan kategori sangat efektif. Pengembangan buku ajar berbasis model PBL pada subtema 1 kekayaan sumber energi di indonesia di kelas IV SD yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi minimal kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif.
Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has abundant potential marine resources which have the potential to cause exploitation and create vulnerability to transnational crimes. One of them is the Riau Archipelago, the outer archipelago of Indonesia. It is directly adjacent to Singapore and Malaysia, a crossroads for international shipping that makes it a strategic place. Because of this strategic location, security is needed by the authorized institution. In this case, the author intends to analyze BAKAMLA's efforts in securing the waters of the Riau Archipelago. This paper will analyze BAKAMLA's strategy for preventing transnational crimes at national borders in terms of the strategic position of the Riau Archipelago using the theory of threat and national defense. The writing method used is a descriptive qualitative literature study
Indonesia has a challenge to ensure that the security and defense of the maritime area are well managed, this is related to the reality of Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country that has strategic waterways. One way to achieve this goal is to make Indonesia a World Maritime Axis (PMD). With this reality, Indonesia needs to pay attention to several aspects, especially in the economic, technology, and defense and security sectors. In this study the method used for writing is descriptive qualitative literature study.
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