Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L) is a pantropical weed from Central America that has invaded more than 40 countries in the world. The invasiveness and competitive advantage of this weed are attributed to its ability to produce large number of seeds, tolerance to environmental stresses, climate change adaptability, and allelopathic properties. Phenolics and sesquiterpene lactones are two major classes of allelopathic compound produced by parthenium weed and these chemicals are known to have significant negative effect on germination, seedling emergence and growth of various plants species. The allelopathic properties of parthenium weed had been investigated in various past studies, however, most of the studies conducted the experiment under laboratory conditions with the allelopathic effect being tested by applying the aqueous extract of the weed directly on the test plants. This study aimed to examine the allelopathic effect of the leaf litter of parthenium weed under more natural conditions. Fresh leaves were oven dried and crushed to crude powder, hereafter referred to as leaf litter. The leaf litter were incorporated into the upper layer of the media of Greenfingers compost bark in pots. In to this were sown the seeds of the test plans then set to germinate. Another treatment without leaf litter was set up as a series of control. The treatments were arranged in simple randomized design in the glasshouse. After one week, any seedling produced were counted and thinned to five seedlings per pot. The plants produced from these seedlings were harvested after further 40 days of growth and the growth parameter including root length, shoot length, and dry weight were measured. The measurable growth reduction increased as the amount of parthenium weed leaf litter increased but variability between results existed. The uncontrollable factors and seasonal conditions may cause this variability, in addition to the seed quality. The chemicals contained within the parthenium weed leaf litter has been shown to affect crop growth presumably through allelopathic activity under natural field conditions.

Efforts to increase eggplant productivity are often constrained by plant damage by phytopathogens and pests. The use of secondary metabolites which are the result of the metabolism of biological agents for the control of phytopathogens and destructive pests in plants, and this is an environmentally friendly control measure. This study aimed to examine the use of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum to control fruit rot disease Phomopsis vexans and leaf destroying pests of Epilachna sp., and to increase eggplant yield. The treatments tried were secondary metabolites with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The results showed that treatment of secondary metabolites of T. harzianum suppressed fruit rot disease Phomopsis, but had no effect on leaf damage by Epilachna. Treatment with a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30% respectively can reduce the intensity of the disease 51.65%, 64.25% and 69.63%. Leaf damage by Epilachna sp. was classified as mild for all concentration levels, ranging from 3.65 to 4.32%. Treatment of T. harzianum secondary metabolites with various levels of concentration affected on the fruit length, but did not affect on number of fruit, fruit diameter, and fruit weight.

Allelochemicals are widely known to have antagonistic effects on the environment by inhibiting the physiological activities of other plants. However, this is the whole characteristic of allelochemicals since their effects are not only limited to inhibiting. In low concentration, allelochemicals could have a promoting effect on other plants especially on the germination and seedling stage. This research was conducted to examine the allelochemical activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Eucalyptus creba F. Muell., and Casuarina cunninghana Miq. on Lepidium sativum L. with the sandwich method. The leaves of parthenium, eucalyptus, and casuarina were dried and layered between two 5 mL agar in multi well plates and the sterilized seeds of Lepidium sativum L. were set to germinate on the agar. The results showed that the leaves of parthenium, eucalyptus, and casuarina caused lower germination rate compared to the control treatment but led to the greater shoot and root length of Lepidium sativum.

Abstract. Laboratory management is an important thing where the laboratory is a facility or as a place that can be used to apply a scientific theory. Labor managers usually print documents on A4- size paper and paste them next to laboratory tools. This causes documents to be damaged quickly, can reduce aesthetics, and not suitable for small laboratory tools. The purpose of making this QR- Code sticker, the author was designed to serve laboratory users and may provide digital information and materials to laboratory users to acquire knowledge.The process of making QR-Code was conducted for 2 months, from August to September 2021.QR-Code manufacturing stages were inventory of laboratory tools, inputting documents into Google drive, testing with blackbox methods and attaching QR-Code stickers to laboratory tools. The results obtained of QR-Code stickers are fliyer and QR-Code stickers taped to several soil and agroclimat laboratory tools, it is hoped that the laboratory management system can be improved better