Indonesian government implement the moratorium on consignment of its migrant workers to Saudi Arabia after a migrant worker whose name is Ruyati was sentenced to death in Saudi Arabia in 2011. The moratorium is expected to ensure the safety of migrant workers. However, it has further impacted on migrant workers and becomes an issue of Indonesia - Saudi Arabia relations. We investigate the efforts of protecting Indonesian migrant workers from the Indonesian diplomatic representatives and its impacts on Indonesian relations with these countries. We conduct interviews with the representatives of the Indonesian Government and Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia. The findings are analysed with human security perspective, responsibility to protect (R2P) in the context of international migration. We argue that protection efforts based on human security to those migrant workers could leverage the position of Indonesia in its relations with Saudi Arabia. The problem of Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia is a complex issue, therefore we suggest further research to highlight the issue from the perspectives of the workers and cultural differences between those two nations.

Recruitment of regional head candidates is part of the political process within the internal party facing the General Election. Candidate selection is a "secret garden" for each party, besides the easy selection process by other powers outside political parties. This study answers the research question "What is the method of selection in the political recruitment of regional head candidates by the National Mandate Party in the General Election in Tasikmalaya City 2017". This study attempts to review, analyze candidate selection. The theory used is the theory of candidate selection from Rahat (2001). The results of this study indicate that the election in PAN is determined by party elites. Selection is also superior by the strength of "local strongmen" and large financials. The process of selecting candidates in the PAN shows a degree of semi-democracy. The selection of PAN internal cadres is not a qualified cadre who is not qualified, but the selection process of candidates approved by local strongmen, and great financial strength.Keywords: Political Parties, Political Recruitment, Candidate Selection, Elections. Abstrak: Rekrutmen calon kepala daerah merupakan bagian dari proses politik di internal partai dalam menghadapai Pemilukada. Seleksi kandidat merupakan “secret garden” bagi setiap partai, selain itu proses seleksiterkadang mudah dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan lain di luar partai politik. Penelitian ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian “Bagaimana metode seleksi dalam rekrutmen politik calon kepala daerah oleh Partai Amanat Nasional pada Pemilukada di Kota Tasikmalaya 2017”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan, menganalisis seleksi kandidat. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori seleksi kandidat dari Rahat (2001). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seleksi pada PAN ditentukan oleh elit partai. Seleksi juga dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan “local stronge man” dan financial yang besar. Proses seleksi kandidat pada PAN menunjukan derajat semi demokratis. Tidak terpilihnya kader internal PAN bukan disebabkan kader yang maju tidak berkualitas, akan tetapi proses seleksi kandidat dipengaruhi oleh local stronge man, dan kekuatan financial yang besar.Kata Kunci: Partai Politik, Rekrutmen Politik, Seleksi Kandidat, Pemilu.

The purpose of this paper is to explain how social media has become a new space for political discussion. The use of social media to report on conflicts, influence political perceptions, voice opinions about conflicts, and solicit public support around the world. As is the case with the Nagorno Karabakh ethnical conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan which cannot be separated from social media. In this conflict, social media was also used to ask for public support around the world to side with one of the countries in the Nagorno Karabakh Conflict. This paper will also examine how governmental and non-governmental actors use social media as a tool of propaganda and how the international community is a part of spreading propaganda in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. To help the author in the analysis process, at least the author uses several conceptual frameworks, including the role of social media in international relations, propaganda and identity conflicts in international relations. Keywords : Armenia; Azerbaijan; Ethnic Conflict; Nagorno Karabakh; Propaganda; Social Media

Purpose: This article seeks to analyze how Islamic parties act in the event of electoral competition filled by religious issues. On the other side, this article also tries to show the electoral impact of each Islamic parties’ decision on the candidates. Methodology: The study conducted through the interview with several Islamic parties’ figures and examining the exit poll survey. Result: The result reveals that even though there was a sensitive issue, the decision of Islamic parties was not solely stirred by the constituent expectation. Other factors such as elites and the organization’s interests were also influenced the decision-making process. However, the impact of its decision on electability indicates that religious issue was prominent, except for PAN. PKB and PPP that support Ahok-Djarot tend to have lessened rate, while PKS got higher electability. The case of Jakarta shows that the constituent principle or ideological is still significant if there are sensitive religious issues. In cases where religious issues have an outburst of support from the roots of the masses, Islamic parties are likely to benefit as long as there is a strong bond between the party's decision and its supporting root militancy. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: The 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election was highlighted by the issue of Islam blasphemy by Ahok, the powerful candidate. The issue became a national concern and invited thousands of protesters from various Islamic groups to Jakarta. Interestingly, not all Islamic parties against Ahok. In the final round, PKB and PPP chose to back Ahok-Djarot while PKS and PAN supported Anis-Sandi, a favorable candidate to them who feel disrupt by Ahok.

Free trade is considered to make a positive contribution to both domestic and international economy because of the removal of trade barriers. The importance of free trade can be seen from the increasing free trade agreements between developed and developing countries. The involvement of developing countries in free trade agreements enables them to make efficiency and maximize the benefits of implementing free trade agreements. Developing countries however often do not get results that are as expected in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). For example, Indonesia has not yet obtained the outcomes that were expected in the implementation of the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA). The results highlight that one fundamental factor for obtaining optimal benefits from a trade agreement is internal coordination prior to the negotiation process.