The estimation of lithology from multiple geophysical survey methods needs to be addressed to develop advanced tomographic methods. An initial requirement for lithology discrimination is that lithology should be discriminable from the media properties physically related to the geophysical observations. To test this condition for different combinations of the most common crustal rocks, we performed several lithology discrimination exercises on rock samples under laboratory conditions. The physical properties included mass density, compressional velocity, shear velocity, electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility. A categorical description of the sample lithology was followed; hence, the inference consisted of predicting the sample rock category (lithotype) membership. The joint information provided by the physical properties of the rocks allowed us to discriminate the sample lithotype correctly, with an overall success rate of 100% in the most favorable situation and over 85% in the least favorable situation. We obtained successful classification results for a variety of common lithotypes (granite, gabbro, limestone, tuff, marble, basalt, and gneiss) using three common classification methods: clustering analysis, Gaussian classification, and discriminant analysis. Although discrimination was positive with each of these multivariate classification techniques, discriminant analysis showed some advantages for the classification and graphic analysis of the data. These results support our postulate that lithology can be estimated reliably if multiple geophysical observations are considered jointly.
IntisariDalam peneltian, citra Landsat ETM+ dipakai untuk mengidentifikasi geomorfologi dan distribusi temperatur permukaan bumi untuk mengenali daerah prospek potensi panas bumi di wilayah Gunung Lamongan, Tiris, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Koreksi yang dilakukan dalam pengolahan citra dilakukan secara standar. Interpretasi geomorfologi menunjukan adanya sesar dominan pada arah barat laut -tenggara. Interpretasi suhu permukaan menunjukkan manifestasi sumber panas bumi di permukaan di dekat sistem sesar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa gunung Lamongan merupakan daerah potensi energi panas bumi yang perlu dikaji lebih lanjut untuk mendeliniasi daerah reservoir di bawah permukaan melalui kajian geologi, geokimia dan geofisika.KATA KUNCI: panas bumi, citra Landsat 7 ETM+, geomorfologi, temperatur bumi. I. PENDAHULUANPenelitian ini merupakan aplikasi teknologi penginderaan jauh dalam kajian awal untuk identifikasi daerah prospek panas bumi di daerah Tiris, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Teknologi satelit yang dipakai adalah satelit Landsat 7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). Data citra satelit Landsat 7 ETM+ digunakan karena kemudahannya dalam mendapatkan data dan proses pengolahannya, serta mencakup area yang luas. Data citra satelit ini dapat diunduh dengan mudah secara gratis. Software pengolahan citra yang digunakan adalah ILWIS 3.7, bersifat open source.Permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam kajian ini adalah pemetaan geomorfologi dan distribusi temperatur permukaan tanah daerah Gunung Lamongan, Tiris, Kabupaten Probolinggo dan sekitarnya melalui analisa citra satelit Landsat 7 ETM+. Tujuan kajian ini adalah memetakan geomorfologi dan temperatur permukaan tanah daerah tersebut di atas.Dapat diharapkan bahwa kajian ini akan bermanfaat untuk perencanaan rinci survei geologi yang akan bermuara pada upaya deliniasi wilayah prospek potensi geothermal di Tiris, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Dengan demikian, eksplorasi potensi panas bumi dapat dilakukan tahap demi tahap secara efisien dan berkelanjutan.
Abstrak. Mikrotremor merupakan vibrasi atau getaran tanah yang dapat disebabkan oleh sumber alam seperti angin dan gelombang laut yang berperioda panjang ataupun gangguan buatan seperti aktivitas lalu lintas, mesin pabrik, dan sebagainya. Dalam mikrotremor dikenal metode HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio). Metode HVSR biasanya digunakan pada seismik pasif (mikrotremor) tiga komponen. Metode HVSR dilakukan dengan cara estimasi rasio spektrum Fourier komponen vertikal terhadap komponen horisontal. Parameter penting yang dihasilkan dari metode HVSR adalah frekuensi natural dan amplifikasi. Kedua paramater ini dapat digunakan untuk karakterisasi geologi setempat karena parameter ini berkaitan erat dengan parameter fisik bawah permukaan. diperoleh nilai frekuensi natural Desa Olak Alen antara 1,70 -10,39. Sementara itu nilai amplifikasi berkisar antara 1,3 -6,2. Kemudian berdasarkan persebaran nilainya dapat dilihat bahwa hubungan antara nilai frekuensi natural dan amplifikasi adalah saling independen atau tidak berkaitan. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam nilai amplifikasi pengaruh ketebalan lapisan sedimen tidak membemberikan efek yang signifikan. Kata Kunci: Amplifikasi; frekuensi natural; HVSR; mikrotremor.Abstract. Mikrotremor is a vibration of the soil that can be caused by natural resources such as wind and sea waves that have long periods or artificial disturbances such as traffic activity, factory machinery, and so on. In microtremor known HVSR method (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio). The HVSR method is commonly used in passive seismic (microtremor) three components. HVSR method is done by estimating the ratio of fourier spectrum of vertical component to horizontal component. Important parameters resulting from the HVSR method are natural frequency and amplification. Both parameters can be used for local geological characterization because these parameters are closely related to the subsurface physical parameters. Obtained by natural frequency value of Olak Alen Village between 1.70 -10.39. Meanwhile, the amplification value ranges from 1.3 to 6.2. Then based on the spread of value can be seen that the relationship between the value of natural frequency and amplification is mutually independent or not related. This is because in the amplification value the effect of sediment layer thickness does not give significant effect.
Volume magnetic susceptibility measurements have been widely used in numerous studies related to river sediment characterization. A study of the transport distance effect toward the frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility is needed to identify the superparamagnetic grain behavior in river sediments. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of superparamagnetic grains and to obtain the relation between transport distances and frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility in river sediments. The sediment samples were taken and measured by using the Bartington MS2B Susceptibilitymeter at two different frequencies of 470 Hz and 4700 Hz. The measurement results show that the sediment transport distance is directly proportional to the frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility. Superparamagnetic grain content is identified to tend to be higher as the distance of sediment transport increases.
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