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Lake Limboto is one of the major lakes in Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is currently undergoing serious degradation due to population pressure. As more residential areas have been established around the lake, the sedimentation rate has increased because of the contribution of anthropogenic particles. In this study, the lithogenic and anthropogenic components in surface sediments from 17 points in the lake were studied and identified using a combination of magnetic and geochemical analyses. The results showed that although the magnetic susceptibility values in R (residential) and NR (non-residential) areas were relatively similar, the values of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) as well as those of SIRM/χ LF differed significantly, implying that the magnetic characteristics of the lithogenic component (in the NR area) differ from those of the anthropogenic component (in the R area). The discrepancy between the anthropogenic and lithogenic contributions was further supported by trace metals and rare earth element (REE) contents. Sediment samples in the R area contained higher levels of Mn, La, Pr, and Gd, while in the NR area they contained higher levels of Fe, Sc, Nd, and Ce. The magnetic susceptibility also correlated strongly with Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn contents in the NR area. A similar correlation was not observed in the R area. The results above imply that a combination of magnetic and geochemical analyses can successfully differentiate lithogenic and anthropogenic components or contributions in lake sediments.

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Volume magnetic susceptibility measurements have been widely used in numerous studies related to river sediment characterization. A study of the transport distance effect toward the frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility is needed to identify the superparamagnetic grain behavior in river sediments. The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of superparamagnetic grains and to obtain the relation between transport distances and frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility in river sediments. The sediment samples were taken and measured by using the Bartington MS2B Susceptibilitymeter at two different frequencies of 470 Hz and 4700 Hz. The measurement results show that the sediment transport distance is directly proportional to the frequency-dependent volume magnetic susceptibility. Superparamagnetic grain content is identified to tend to be higher as the distance of sediment transport increases.