<p><em>This study has purposes to find out how the mechanism of land procurement for the public interest in local governments, find out the obstacles and solve the problem of land procurement for the public interest on a small scale. Land procurement by the local government sometimes always collides with the stages of land procurement which is a very long process, but the land is needed immediately to support development. Small-scale land procurement is carried out on an area of no more than 5 hectares. Land procurement on a small scale for the public interest can be carried out without going through the determination of the location. The legal consequences are not being able to deposit compensation in court. This study uses a sociological juridical method, namely the discussion based on the provisions of the legislation. The results of this study are that the mechanism for land procurement for the public interest is carried out with accurate research and socialization so that the community understands the positive impact of development for the public interest and counseling so that the community understands the benefits of the project and participates in the success of project development for the public interest. Another obstacle in the implementation of land procurement is the existence of incomplete land ownership data or documents or no land ownership rights, the bureaucracy that guarantees legal certainty that the settlement of these obstacles is carried out with the active role of agencies that require land.</em></p>

<span class="fontstyle0">The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal protection of registered cosmetic brands, analyze the obstacles and solutions in the legal protection of cosmetic brands. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a normative juridical approach. The results of this study are the legal protection against counterfeiting of well-known trademarks in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, but because brand protection is still a delict complaint and has not been maximized without a complaint from the brand holder and no sanctions are applied for brand infringement, so that supervision is needed by the Department of Industry and Trade throughout Indonesia in the<br />distribution of goods to traders in order to prevent the circulation of counterfeit goods Obstacles in carrying out legal protection against cosmetic counterfeiting regarding<br />legal regulation and law enforcement, cosmetic brand products that are still widely<br />counterfeited and cheap prices, lack of facilities and facilities that support tools that make it easy to detect an item and fifth, namely the weak awareness of buyers to buy a quality item. The problem solving are such as make regional regulations regarding brand counterfeiting in each region, to suppressing brand counterfeiting by providing socialization to business actors and the public about the dangers of brand counterfeiting, especially those containing ingredients that are harmful to health.</span> <br /><br />

Kejahatan di wilayah perairan sangat merugikan para nelayan dimana para nelayan telah bersusah payah mencari ikan di laut dan kemudian diambil paksa oleh sekelompok perompak. Mengenai tindak pidana pembajakan itu sendiri diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 439, 440, dan 441 KUHP. Sementara itu, perompakan laut diatur dalam Pasal 438 KUHP tentang kejahatan pelayaran. Metode penelitian, pendekatan masalah menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Jenis datanya adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, data primer adalah data tersier. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan, studi lapangan. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan meliputi pemilihan data dan klasifikasi data. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa, dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana kepada pelaku pembajakan adalah mendengar pembacaan dakwaan pidana yang diajukan oleh Penuntut Umum, bahwa dalam memutus suatu perkara Hakim juga mempertimbangkan hal-hal yang memberatkan dan hal-hal yang meringankan bagi terdakwa, dengan memperhatikan keterangan saksi. dan barang bukti yang diajukan di pengadilan. Alat bukti dalam kasus perompakan nomor 1635/Pid.B/2018/2020/PN.Tjk didasarkan pada Pasal 184 KUHAP. Alat bukti yang sah adalah keterangan saksi, keterangan ahli, surat, petunjuk, keterangan terdakwa. Pengadilan memperhatikan surat-surat yang diajukan di pengadilan, yaitu surat pendelegasian perkara, surat pengangkatan hakim, surat penetapan hari sidang.