Our society is on the brink of health care system reorganization and implementation of new medical technology. Hospitals have to be a core component of the medical revolution so they have to be prepared for the upcoming leap in their development. If Poland wants to be a pioneer in providing new medical solutions, the current ineffective system has to be changed. The necessary action should be taken to deal with the financial problems Polish hospitals have faced for over 20 years. The current structure of hospitals - SPZOZ, is old-fashioned and cannot adapt to a turbulent social and economic environment. The hospitals should be commercialized and restructured. Being capitalized companies will give incentives and new tools to deal with financial problems.The article presents an example of the commercialized hospital in Łańcut. We make the observations that commercialization increases: a hospital’s profitability, its employment productivity, its capital investment spending and leverage. The case proves that the transformation of hospitals to capital companies proposed by the Ministry of Health may be an appropriate approach and it does work once a reasonable management board is in charge. However, the legal structure alteration should be treated as the first step in the overall restructuring process. The article highlights the problem of managers of Polish hospitals who do not only struggle with financial shortages, but barely know which business model they should follow after commercialization to successfully run the restructuring process. Having examined the LMC the authors are crafting a prelude to the overall research on already commercialized hospitals to find an appropriate business model.

It is documented that overconfidence has negative influence on numerous financial behaviours. Little is known, however, about the link between overconfidence and behaviour of consumers in debt markets. This article investigates the link between overconfidence in debt literacy and debt behaviour. To do that, we applied logit and linear regression models using data from a sample of 600 adult Poles aged between 18 and 35. The results indicate that the overconfident respondents were more likely to borrow. We obtained mixed results regarding the link between overconfidence and debt behaviour. Simple binary measure of overconfidence turned out insignificant in predicting the behaviour, however the quantitative measures of overconfidence were found significantly and positively related to unhealthy debt behaviour. Policy makers may need to run educational programmes that address the behavioural aspects of overconfidence, in order to empower society and improve debt behaviour and overall economic performance.

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