No abstract

RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade enzimática da tripsina no conteúdo intestinal da rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), 320 animais com peso médio de 3,6 g foram distribuídos em baias-teste com temperatura e fotoperíodo controlados. As rãs selecionadas na fase pós-metamórfica receberam ração comercial extrusada ad libitum. Durante 87 dias de experimento, foram efetuadas 29 coletas em intervalos de 1 a 8 dias. As coletas do conteúdo intestinal foram feitas mediante a insensibilização das rãs em gelo e água e posterior isolamento do intestino delgado. Após cada coleta, todo o material foi congelado em nitrogênio líquido e armazenado em freezer, para posterior liofilização. A determinação da atividade da tripsina foi realizada utilizando-se Benzoil-D, L-Arginina p-nitroanilida (D, L-BApNA) como substrato. A atividade da tripsina foi registrada no primeiro dia de experimento; a fase inicial foi marcada pelo aumento da atividade da tripsina até a estabilidade, quando os animais ainda estavam na fase de imago. O período subseqüente (até o final do experimento) foi caracterizado pela manutenção da estabilidade da atividade e pela atividade específica da tripsina. Podese concluir que a rã-touro apresenta capacidade para digestão de alimentos de origem protéica, recomendando-se, na fase inicial, uso de ração rica em proteína.Palavras-chave: atividade enzimática, enzimas digestivas, Rana catesbeiana, rã-touro, tripsinaTrypsin Activity of the Bullfrog in the Post-Metamorphic Phase ABSTRACT -With the objective of evaluating the enzymatic activity of the trypsin in the intestinal content of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), 320 animals with average weight of 3.6 grams were distributed in stall-test with temperature and photoperiod controlled. The frogs selected in the post-metamorphic phase were fed commercial extruded diet ad libitum. For 87 days of experiment, 29 collections were performed at intervals varying from one to eight days. The collections of the intestinal content were performed by the desensitization of the frogs in ice and water and subsequent isolation of the small intestine of the same ones. After each collection, all material was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in freezer to be later liofilizated. The determination of the activity of the trypsin was accomplished being used benzoil-D, L-arginine p-nitroanilide (D, L-BApNA) as substrate. The activity of the trypsin was registered in the first day of experiment, and the initial phase is marked by the increase of the activity of the trypsin to reach a stability when the animals were still in the imago phase. In the subsequent period until the end of the experiment, it was observed the maintenance of the stability of the activity and specific activity of the trypsin. It can be concluded that bullfrog shows capacity for digestion of protein feedstuff, and in the initial phase the use of diet rich in protein is recommended.

The knowledge of the digestive system of bullfrogs is an important step for the determination of their nutritional requirements throughout growth phases. With the objective of evaluating the enzymatic activity of lipase in the intestinal content of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), 100 animals with median weight of 3.6 g were distributed in stalls under controlled temperature and photoperiod. The frogs, selected at the post-metamorphic phase, received commercial extruded diet ad libitum throughout the 87-day experiment. The collections of the intestinal content were performed by the desensitization of the frogs in ice and water at 0ºC and subsequent isolation of the small intestine. Determination of lipase activity was performed with a commercial enzymatic kit (Lipase-Bioclin, MG, Brazil), first measured in samples taken at day three (3.46 UI). During the initial phase the bullfrog possesses low lipase hydrolysis capacity was found, having a specific activity of 217 UI mg -1 . In the subsequent period both lipase activity and specific lipase activity continuously increased. Lipase activity as a function of bullfrog weight fell after day twenty and reached 0.33 UI g -1 , for frogs of medium weight (179 g). Feed for bullfrogs at the post-metamorphic phase weighing more than 10 g can have larger amounts of ingredients containg lipids, due to the increased digestive capacity of these frogs. Key words: digestive enzyme, frog culture, specific activity ATIVIDADE ENZIMÁTICA DA LIPASE EM RÃ-TOURO NA FASE PÓS-METAMÓRFICA RESUMO: O conhecimento do sistema digestório da rã-touro é um passo importante para a determinação de sua exigência nutricional nas diferentes fases de crescimento. Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade enzimática da lipase no conteúdo intestinal da rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), 100 animais com peso médio de 3,6 g foram distribuídos em baias-teste com temperatura e fotoperíodo controlados. As rãs, selecionadas na fase pos-metamórfica receberam ração extruzada comercial ad libitum. Durante 87 dias de experimento, 29 coletas (87 rãs) foram feitas em intervalos que variaram de um a oito dias. As rãs foram insensibilizadas em água e gelo a 0ºC para subseqüente isolamento do intestino delgado e retirada do conteúdo intestinal. Para determinação da atividade da lipase foram usados conjuntos enzimáticos da BIOCLIN. A atividade da lipase foi registrada no terceiro dia (3,46 UI). Na fase inicial, a rã-touro possui baixa capacidade de hidrólise para a lipase que teve atividade específica de 217 UI mg -1 . No período subseqüente, observou-se aumento contínuo da atividade e da atividade específica da lipase. A atividade da lipase em função do peso da rã-touro depois do 20 o dia apresentou redução contínua, alcançando valor de 0,33 UI g -1 , registrado para rãs com peso médio de 179 g. As rações para rã-touro com peso superior a 10 g podem conter quantidades maiores de ingredientes que contenham lipídos, devido ao aumento da capacidade da digestão. Palavras-chave: atividade específica, enzi...

Hyptis marrubioides Epling is a native plant from Brazilian Cerrado. In this paper, the response of in vitro microplants of this species to inoculation with bacterial and fungal endophytic isolates is evaluated. HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of 3,4-O-(Z)-dicaffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-7-O-glucoside as the main components. GC/MS analysis demonstrated that the sesquiterpenes t-cadinol and caryophyllene oxide were only produced in microplants inoculated with endophytic bacteria, while methyl hexadecanoate, methyl heptadecanoate and methyl (Z,Z,Z) 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate and the triterpene methyl 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate were overexpressed only when the microplant was treated with endophytic fungi.

The present work proposes the use of an agro-industrial residue from the sunflower crop as a feedstock to produce a low-cost adsorbent with a chemically modified surface bearing sulfonic groups. This modified low-cost adsorbent can be used for the removal of phenylalanine, and can also be applied in the process of obtaining a source of protein supplementation for patients with phenylketonuria. The functionalization of the adsorbent with sulfonic groups was adapted and presented advantages in terms of execution time, energy expenditure, number of reagents used and adsorbed amino acids. The produced adsorbent presented a surface area of 317.31 m2 g−1 with a predominance of micro- and mesopores, that influenced an approximate 30-fold reduction in adsorption equilibrium time. The optimization results indicated a higher adsorption capacity (39.64 mg.g−1) in pH = 4; temperature of 25 °C and adsorbent dosage of 10 g.L−1. The FTIR analyzes and the qualitative analysis of the elements present in the samples by EDS confirmed the introduction of sulfonic groups in the MPS500 coal. This work contributed to the understanding behind the adsorption of L-phenylalanine on charcoal surfaces functionalized with sulfonic groups, showing that they can be more selective for the adsorption of phenylalanine in a competitive system.