James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was a Scottish physicist well-known for his extensive work with electromagnetism, colour analysis, and kinetic theory. Considered by many to be a giant in his field with significant influence on the physicists who would follow, Maxwell spent time as a professor at Aberdeen University, King's College, London, and Cambridge. This 1882 Life by his friend Lewis Campbell and natural philosopher William Garnett represents an important – and lengthy – investigation into Maxwell's life and thought. Part I is concerned with biographical matters while the second section focuses upon his scientific mind. A third part contains Maxwell's poetry, so included because the poems are 'characteristic of him' and have 'curious biographical interest'. At nearly 700 pages, the Life represents an important starting point for those curious about the state of theoretical physics and the person in whom it reached its culmination in the nineteenth century.

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Abstract—Hawaiian taxa of Chenopodium are tetraploids and are distinguished from other members of the circumglobally distributed genus by minute morphological characters. Because of these reasons, the geographic origin of Hawaiian Chenopodium has remained unclear. Across the Hawaiian Archipelago, taxa of Chenopodium are morphologically variable and grow in highly disparate xeric habitats, especially in terms of precipitation, temperature, wind, salt spray, and solar irradiation. Habitats include dry subalpine shrublands, sandy beach strands on atolls in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, dry to mesic forests, and precipitously tall sea cliffs of northwestern Moloka‘i. From the Moloka‘i sea cliffs, which are battered by high energy winds, salt spray, and strong seasonal precipitation, we describe C. oahuense subspecies ilioensis as segregated from the widespread Hawaiian C. oahuense sensu lato. Morphometric analyses distinguish C. oahuense subsp. ilioensis by its strongly prostrate to scandent habit, thick succulent leaves, smaller average leaf size, limited lobing of the laminar margins, and smaller seeds. Phylogenetic analyses using two DNA regions (the plastid gene rpl32-trnL and nuclear ITS) of newly sequenced individuals of C. oahuense s. l. and C. oahuense subsp. ilioensis plus outgroup taxa support the monophyly of Hawaiian Chenopodium and reveal a geographic origin of temperate Eurasia. Two equivocal hypothetical scenarios are discussed regarding the likely sequence of events leading to the arrival of Chenopodium in Hawaiian Islands followed by possible in situ speciation of the Moloka‘i endemic C. oahuense subsp. ilioensis.

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