A new process, based on micro‐emulsion technology, has been developed for the production of sucrose esters of fatty acids. Sucrose dissolved in propylene glycol, methyl stearate, sodium stearate, and catalyst (K2CO3) are combined to form a transparent emulsion and interacted. The system remains transparent throughout the distillation of the propylene glycol, indicating the formation of a micro dispersion of sucrose. Upon completion of the distillation all of the methyl stearate is converted to sucrose stearate. Starting with a 1.5:1.0:0.9 molar ratio of sucrose, methyl stearate, and sodium stearate, the reaction product, after purification, is 85% sucrose monostearate, 15% sucrose distearate.

The preparation of amphoteric surfactants by the condensation of mixed N-alkylethylenediamines and unsaturated acid derivatives, particularly acrylic acid esters, was studied. The reaction proceeded readily near 100 C either neat or with solvents. Saponification of the ester products yielded salts which were water-soluble. The mono-and disodium salts of mixed N-alkyl (Cl1.5 av) ethylenediamine dipropionic and diisobutyric acid (crotonic acid derived) as 1% active in water were completely soluble at all pH levels. The solutions demonstrated no perceptible isoelectric range on addition of 1-10% concentrations of sodium chloride. Data on surface tension, solubility, calcium tolerance, foam, viscosity, color, and density are presented.

Several series of compounds were prepared from oleyl alcohol which may prove useful as lubricants and plasticizers. The reactions involved addition to the double bond and replacement of the hydroxyl moiety. One series of compounds is characterized 1-R', 9(10)R octadeeane where 1-R' signifies the replacement of hydroxyl by e thoxy, tert-butylphenyl, tert-butoxy and phenyl. Examples of additions across the double bond 9 (10)R, include hydrogen, methoxy, tert-butoxy, tert-butylphenyl, and phenyl. Other test series were 9 (10)-R, 27 (28)-R-hexatriaeontane and bis [9(10)-R-octadecyl] ether where R signifies additions across a pair of double bonds. Additions in these series include methoxy, ethoxy, tert-butoxy, tert-butylphenyl, 2-ethylhexoxy, and phenyl.Derivatives of octadecane were fluid and several had fairly low pour points. The derivatives of hexatriacontane and dioctadeeyl ether were either low-melting solids or liquids. Details coneerning the synthesis and several physical properties are presented.

The alkoxylation of a new mixture of N-alkylethylenediamines obtained by reacting C 11.5 av. chloroparaffins and ethylenediamine was studied. Ethoxylation in both laboratory glassware or Parr autoclave equipment readily produced 20 mole adducts without alkaline catalysis. The reaction was initiated by the formation of the 3 mole adduct at 160 C and subsequent addition of the alkylene oxide at 90 C. The formation of adducts with mole ratios greater than 20 required an alkaline catalyst. The preparation of propoxylate derivatives necessitated the addition of 2.5-3.0 wt % of caustic catalyst. The preparative time was minimized by operating at 185-190 C and 40-50 psi. The surfactant properties of the alkoxylares were evaluated and correlated with structures and compositions. Data on solubility, surface tension, density, refractive index, pH and foam characteristics are presented. Polyurethane foams were prepared from several of the alkoxylates.

Soaps of monohydroxystearic acid, prepared by sulfation of oleic acid followed by hydrolysis, have been evaluated in syndet compositions. They can be used to replace a substantial proportion of the synthetic surfactant in both liquid and solid detergent compositions without loss of detergent efficiency or foaming properties. In contrast, sodium stearate and sodium oleate adversely affect performance. Compatibility is improved when these hydroxystearate soaps are incorporated in built liquid compositions. Since these materials exhibit the usual response of soaps to pH change and to divalent cations, there is complete assurance that they will be inactivated in ground water as well as in sewage treatment plants.