The complete characterization of scattered light is described in the context of Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices which highly motivates the measuring procedures. The most general form of the scattering matrix coupled with polarizers and quarter wave plates elegantly demonstrates the physical relationship among the matrix elements and polarization measurements.

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We demonstrate that a newly developed instrument which measures all polarization and intensity information contained in differentially and elastically scattered light has valuable applications in biology. The polarization states of light scattered differentially from suspensions of biological scatterers are shown to contain structural information about those systems. The scatterers are discussed in the context of a 16 component matrix which completely characterizes the scattering process. The instrument and method are described in terms of the corresponding matrix algebra. We also discuss the use of the instrument as a device for distinguishing between closely related structural systems and as a tool for following time-dependent structural changes. A technique has recently been developed (1)

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