Absolute total destruction cross sections of B n Ϫ (nϭ1,2) and Al n Ϫ (nϭ1 -4) clusters colliding with N 2were measured for relative velocities in the interval 0.2-1.0 a.u. All cross-section curves may be described as a single curve, presenting a maximum around the velocity of 0.3 a.u., multiplied by a projectile-dependent factor. For the Al n Ϫ case, this factor increases linearly with the projectile size n. These findings agree with previous works for anionic atoms and clusters being destroyed in noble gases, where the single curve contains the data target dependence and the scaling factors are also linear in n.
Neste trabalho, propomos uma forma alternativa para apresentar o conceito de Gravitação Universal ao aluno do Ensino Médio. A História da Física - por apresentar os problemas que levaram à formulação de um dado conceito - mostra os elementos que dão significado ao conceito. Por isso, acreditamos que ela possa ser integrada ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, tendo papel fundamental na inclusão dos novos conceitos à estrutura cognitiva, funcionando como os organizadores prévios da teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, de David Ausubel. O método é ilustrado por uma aplicação a alunos do Colégio de Aplicação da Unigranrio, escola da rede privada, no Rio de Janeiro.
This article presents an approach to integrate contemporary physics into high-school teaching. We present a simple way to understand mass spectroscopy using basic physics concepts, so that high-school students may have contact with recent topics of modern research. The main features of a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer using secondary school physics concepts are discussed. The use of home-made apparatus is described. Some results obtained with CsI samples showing the dependence between mass and TOF are presented.
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