Los Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) son biopolímeros de origen microbiano totalmente biodegradables con características físicoquímicas similares a los plásticos sintéticos convencionales, sin embargo, su producción actual es altamente costosa debido principalmente al sustrato o medio de cultivo. En esta investigación se evaluó como sustrato, una mezcla de melaza de caña y vinaza residuales de la industria licorera empleando la cepa referencia Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 para la producción de PHAs. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron potencial en el uso de este medio de cultivo, alcanzando concentraciones de polímero de 3,17 g/L en medio MMS y de 2,71 g/L en el medio M/V con una relación melaza/vinaza de 25/75. El rendimiento de consumo de azucares (sacarosa, fructosa y glucosa) fue del 70,7% y una acumulación del biopolímero del 97,8% respecto a la biomasa producida. La caracterización del biopolímero presento una correlación con la muestra patrón de polihidroxibutirato - PHB del 99,25%.
In the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), the costs of the process are mainly associated with the carbon source and most of the production studies are carried out with commercial strains. In this study, PHA production was evaluated using a strain, SB-34, compared with a referenced strain, Ralstonia eutropha H16, growing in cassava flour hydrolysates as an alternative carbon source. SB-34 reached a biomass maximum of 5,49 ± 0,21 g / L, and PHA product of 3,23 ± 0,21 g / L exceeding the maximum values obtained by R. eutropha H16 (3,8 ± 0,45 g / L and 2,42 ± 0,23 g / L, respectively). Analyzes with FTIR indicate that the polymer obtained with SB-34 is like polyhydroxybutyrate P(3-HB) type. Molecular analysis identified SB-34 as Burkholderia sp. with 96 % of similarity.
This systematic review shows the most important characteristics of the methods used for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Three databases were consulted: Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 66 publications were obtained. Cupriavidus necator was found to be the microorganism that generates more interest in the scientific community and the most tested one in different substrates, however, the highest productivity was reported in Azohydromonas lata, a low reported microorganism. The most common cultivation system was the fed-batch, easily used at the industrial level, although the continuous system could save time and potentially increase productivity. However, the type of substrate, the polymer to be produced and the metabolic characteristics and requirements of each microorganism, imply technical limitations, which are evidenced in this review in order to provide a better understanding about its advantages and disadvantages.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar las condiciones óptimas de hidrólisis enzimática de la cascarilla de arroz pretratada con hidróxido de sodio en autoclave a 121° C. Se evaluaron las variables: FPU/ g sustrato, pH, agitación, tiempo, temperatura y concentración de surfactante mediante un diseño de cribado, resultando estadísticamente significativas todas las variables. Seguidamente se aplicó un diseño de optimización para las variables: pH, FPU y tiempo, descartando las de menor nivel de significación. Finalmente, las mejores condiciones encontradas en los diseños anteriores fueron (pH 5.0, 13 h, y 30 FPU / g de sustrato) posteriormente se aplicaron estas condiciones en experiencias para evaluar la influencia del aumento de celulosa hidrolizable, usando 6%; 8% y 10% de celulosa disponible con rendimientos de sacarificación de 74%, 42% y 16%.
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