Background: The Elderly is an age group that has decreased organ function which is susceptible to various diseases. The elderly also experience physical decline which can affect personal hygiene and health care behavior. Objective: To determine the factors that affect the personal hygiene and health care of the elderly. Method: Personal hygiene referred to in this study was hygiene to care for the whole body including skin, feet, teeth, nails, and hair. This study was a systematic review of studies with primary data related to factors affecting personal hygiene and health care for the elderly. The study was conducted on 35 international journals. Results: Personal hygiene of the elderly are feet. Factors that influence their hygiene on demographic factors include residence, education, source of income, gender, age, and knowledge. Factors affecting elderly hygiene on personal characteristic factors include need assistance, perceived benefits, disease, frequency of cleansing, self-efficacy, physical change, degree of independence, mobility, and self-motivation. Factors affecting them on facilities and infrastructure factors supporters include equipment, care services facilities, equipment, distance to care service facilities, social support, and practical conditions. Factors affecting on healthy program factors include training, education caregiver, motivation caregiver, health promotion, health information seeking, satisfaction, informal care, behavioral programs, utilization, and functional health literacy. Conclusion: Factors affecting personal hygiene and health care for the elderly include demographics, characteristics of the elderly, supporting facilities, and infrastructure and health programs. Dominant factor affecting personal hygiene and health care for elderly are educational, residence, and income source.

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing heart failure. Heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus will experience further health problems that are worse than heart failure patients without diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of diabetes on mortality in heart failure patients using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The PICO model used was Population= patients with chronic heart failure. Intervention= with diabetes mellitus. Comparison= not with diabetes mellitus. Outcome= mortality. The article search process was carried out between 2012 and 2021 using online databases from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were "Chronic Heart Failure" AND "Diabetes" AND "Mortality". The inclusion criteria used in this study were full-text articles using a cohort study design, the research subjects were chronic heart failure patients, the study outcome was mortality, multivariate analysis with adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR). The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that diabetes mellitus increased the risk of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure 1.24 times compared with patients without diabetes mellitus (aHR= 1.24; 95%CI= 1.15 to 1.34; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus increases mortality in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Consumption of alcoholic beverages is a risk factor for health problems globally. The consumption of alcoholic beverages is very influential on the effect of calmness in people who have anxiety and stress disorders. The effect occurs because alcohol is classified as a psychoactive substance that affects nerves in the brain with the effect of dependence on the dose consumed. This study aims to assess the effect size of stress and anxiety on increased alcohol consumption behavior in early adulthood using a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by the previous authors. Subjects and Method:This study was a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: Early adults (18-25 years). Intervention: Stress and Anxiety. Comparison: no stress and no anxiety. Result: Increased Alcoholic Beverages Consumption Behavior. 9 The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The keywords for searching for articles were stress AND (Anxiety OR nervousness OR discomfort) AND ("consumption of drinking alcohol" OR "Alcohol use"). The included articles were full-text English with a cross-sectional study design from 2012 to 2022. Article selection was conducted using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 app. Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional case studies from Europe, Asia, North America, Africa, and Australia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. 7 studies discovered that stress increased alcoholic beverage consumption behavior in early adults by 1.29 times compared to low stress, and the result of the meta-analysis was statistically significant (aOR= 1.29; CI 95%= 1.31-1.47; p< 0.001) with the heterogeneity of I 2 = 84%, p<0.001. 7 studies of the effect of anxiety on increased alcoholic beverage consumption behavior in early adults showed anxiety increased alcoholic beverage consumption behavior in early adults by 1.59 times compared to low anxiety. The result of the meta-analysis was statistically significant (aOR= 1.59; CI 95%= 1.22-2.07; p= 0.001) with heterogeneity of I 2 =96%, p< 0.001. Conclusion: Stress and anxiety increased the behavior of alcoholic beverage consumption in early adults..