Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing heart failure. Heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus will experience further health problems that are worse than heart failure patients without diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of diabetes on mortality in heart failure patients using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The PICO model used was Population= patients with chronic heart failure. Intervention= with diabetes mellitus. Comparison= not with diabetes mellitus. Outcome= mortality. The article search process was carried out between 2012 and 2021 using online databases from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were "Chronic Heart Failure" AND "Diabetes" AND "Mortality". The inclusion criteria used in this study were full-text articles using a cohort study design, the research subjects were chronic heart failure patients, the study outcome was mortality, multivariate analysis with adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR). The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 9 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that diabetes mellitus increased the risk of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure 1.24 times compared with patients without diabetes mellitus (aHR= 1.24; 95%CI= 1.15 to 1.34; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus increases mortality in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background:The COVID-19 lockdown has an impact on the daily lives of people with type 1 diabetes, including restrictions on physical activity, changes in diet, difficulty contacting health care providers and concerns about drug supplies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on blood sugar control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The PICO model used is Population= type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Intervention = COVID-19 lockdown. Comparison = before the COVID-19 lockdown. Outcome = HbA1c. The article search process was carried out between 2019 and 2022 using online databases from PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the article search were "Quarantine" OR "Quarantines" OR "Stay at Home Orders" OR "Health Lockdowns" OR "Self-Quarantine" OR "Self-Quarantine" AND "Diabetes Mellitus" OR "Diabetes Insipidus" OR "Diabetic" OR "Glucose Intolerance" AND "Glycemic Control" OR "Blood Glucose Control". The inclusion criteria used in this study were full paper articles with cohort studies, using English or Indonesian, the intervention given was COVID-19 lockdown, and the outcome was blood glucose level (HbA1C) in diabetes mellitus patients.The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 11 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis showed that the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown decreased HbA1c levels by 0.23 compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and was statistically significant (SMD= -0.23; 95% CI -0.29 to -0.18; p<0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown reduces HbA1c levels compared to before COVID-19 lockdown in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.