INTRODUCTIONMacaranga is one genus of the family Euphorbiaceae comprising of ± 300 species. In Indonesia, this plant known as "Mahang". The distribution of Macaranga plants is relatively wide, other than Indonesia, can also be found in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, the east coast of Australia and the Pacific islands [1].According to previous studies, phenolics such as flavonoids and stilbenoids can be isolated from this genus. The uniqueness of flavonoids and stilbenoids from this genus is the presence of terpenoids at aromatic core such as prenyl, geranyl, farnesyl and geranyl [2,3]. Prenylated flavonoids including flavanone derivatives mostly can be found in M. triloba, M. trichocarpa, M. conivera and M. lowii [3-6]. Flavonol derivatives can be obtained from M. gigantea, M. recurvate, M. pruinosa, M. rizhinoides and M. bicolor [2,5,7-9]. Dihydroflavone derivatives mostly can be attained in M. conivera, M. alnifolia, M. pruinosa and M. lowii [6,8,10,11].Previous studies have revealed that the presence of isoprenoid chains plays an important role for the biological activity of prenylated aromatic compounds which made them possess better bioactivity than their mother compounds without derivatization or modification [12] The anticancer activity of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Macaranga hosei leaves against HeLa cell lines were evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Both extracts displayed anticancer activity with IC50 values of 36.18 and 7.01 µM, respectively, which can be suggested that M. hosei is a great potential source of anticancer agents. In addition, two isoprenylated flavanones, 4'-O-methyl-8-isoprenyl eriodictyol (1) and 6-isoprenyl eriodictyol (2) have been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction. The structures of both compounds have been elucidated based on their spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra.

Batik is a traditional Indonesian cloth that has been recognized by UNESCO as the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. Nowadays batik with natural dyes is preferred because it is unique, natural and environmentally friendly. The disadvantage of natural dyed batik, especially those using cotton cloth, is easily overgrown with bacteria. This paper presents the results of research on the application of ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabrics that produce batik with antibacterial activity. The application of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out with variations on concentration (1% and 2%), temperature (25°C and 80°C), and application stages, i.e before and after the batik process. Colouring process was conducted by natural dyes of Tingi (Ceriops tagal). To see the effect of ZnO application, the antibacterial activity, the colour fastness to washing, the colour strength (K/S) of natural dyed batik have been examined. The results showed that the ZnO application before and after the batik process can provide antibacterial activity and enhance colour strength on natural dyed batik. To maintain the colour fastness to washing, the ZnO application can be carried out before the batik process at temperature 80°C or after the batik process at 25°C.

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Activities of amylase, protease and lipase from honey Trigona sp, Apis mellifera and Apis dorsata, determination protein concentration and the activity protease done with Bradford method, the determination of the glucose standard and activity amylase done with 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method and activity lipase done with acid-base titration with coconut oil substrate. The honey from Trigona sp has value of the activity amylase and lipase respectively by 0,0136 U / mg and 0,359 U/mg, whereas honey Apis mellifera has activity of protease, amylase and lipase of each 1,22 x 10-6 U/mg; 0,944 U/mg and 0,304 U/mg and then honey Apis dorsata has amylase and lipase activity of each of 0,0645 U/mg and 0,287 U/mg.

Alginate had been used as an additive on many food materials due to its biodegradability and non-toxic properties. As the alginate was extracted from natural sources, it had various properties depending on its source and purification method. In general, alginate has high gelation which hinder its use in high concentration in specific applications. This work aimed to study the effect of alginate modification in protecting oxidation of iron. The modification was conducted using ultrasound. The degraded alginate was applied for encapsulating iron using gelation method. The oxidation profile of the iron was modelled. The result showed that the lower alginate concentration and longer ultrasonication process decreased the alginate ability on protecting the oxidation. After 15 days, the lowest oxidation (8.47%) was able to be suppressed by ultrasonication of 5 % alginate for 30 min. The Kirby model (R2>0.76) was more suitable in describing the oxidation rate from the iron encapsulated by the degraded alginate.