Women have an essential contribution to economic growth and development. However, according to data, the Gender Inequality Index (GII) is still relatively high in developing countries, so special attention should be paid to aspects of women’s empowerment, health, and participation in the labor market as an indicator in measuring GII. In women’s empowerment, women’s education and women’s literacy are thought to affect women’s labor force participation. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of women’s literacy rates on female labor force participation in ASEAN countries from 2010- 2017. The method used to analyze the effect on the model is the static panel data method. The results show that countries with high female literacy rates also have high female labor participation rates. The results help economists and policymakers evaluate measures to optimize women’s labor market decisions and empower women by improving women’s literacy rates.

Since the global financial crisis of 2008, there has been a rise in economic uncertainty and money demand research. The money demand is vital in monetary policy, which has implications for the regional economy. This study aims to analyse the money demand in Indonesia in the middle of global economic uncertainty, as well as the contribution of the study, which includes the economic and monetary policy uncertainty in a separate model for an enhanced money demand function. The study used a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) approach. The results indicate that monetary demand is negatively affected by economic uncertainty. With the development of the financial sector, the impact of economic uncertainty and the unpredictability of US monetary policy drives people to be more cautious, resulting in a movement of "wealth" to other instruments. The current study implies that the monetary policy in the form of interest rates as the response to the global condition should consider monetary aggregates in terms of money demand as a precautionary measure to maintain money demand. The study revealed that stable money demand suggests inflation targeting as a monetary policy that can enhance monetary policy in the face of rising economic uncertainty.

Penelitian ini menganalisis efisiensi perbankan pada Bank Syariah di Indonesia dari Maret 2020 hingga Maret 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 11 Bank Syariah yang dihasilkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Penelitian ini menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis sebagai pendekatan non-parametrik untuk mengukur efisiensi perbankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan intermediasi untuk menentukan variabel input dan output. Variabel input dalam penelitian ini adalah dana pihak ketiga, biaya tenaga kerja, dan biaya operasional lainnya. Variabel output dalam penelitian ini adalah pembiayaan dan pendapatan operasional lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata efisiensi teknis bank syariah di Indonesia antara bank umum syariah dan unit usaha syariah dapat lebih efisien, dengan skor rata-rata 8,51 dan 8,54. Untuk hasil efisiensi pada masing-masing bank, baik bank umum syariah maupun unit usaha syariah, rata-rata skor efisiensi teknis bank umum syariah adalah 8,51 dan 8,54. Untuk hasil efisiensi pada masing-masing bank, baik Bank Umum Syariah maupun Unit Usaha Syariah, terdapat empat periode dimana semua bank mengalami efisiensi. Selain itu, hanya satu bank yang mengalami efisiensi pada setiap periode untuk Bank Umum Syariah. Sebaliknya, untuk Unit Usaha Syariah terdapat tiga bank yang mengalami efisiensi.

The population in the world reach 7.5 billion in 2019. Population living in urban area is one of the drivers of cabon emissions. This study aims to estimate the relationship between urbanization, GDP, trade openness, and coal consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in ASEAN-5 countries which are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam from 1990 to 2020. The data generated from British Petroleum and World Bank. This current study employs Fixed-Effect estimation model to estimate the data. The result revealed there is positive relationship between urban population as proxy of urbanization, GDP, trade openness, and coal consumption. Policies should highlight the utilization of low-carbon techlonogies and renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions.