The waste produced from the remnants of construction projects, such as construction of houses, roads, bridges, and multi-story buildings, clearly constitutes a major environmental danger and has become a concern in many countries. In Iraq, the great economic growth taking place and the development of modern means of construction has led to the spread of large quantities of waste that must be disposed of. Numerous studies have focused on the disposal of these wastes, with the most important process being recycling. The possibility of using pulverized waste ceramic tiles (PWCT) as a sand replacement to produce high-strength, self-compacting geopolymer concrete (HSSCGPC) was investigated in the present study. HSSCGPC specimens were prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and nano silica (NS) as an alternative to cement. The performance of the produced HSSCGPC was evaluated by subjecting it to several laboratory tests, including workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexure, and durability tests, to determine its conformance to the EFNARC standard. The results demonstrated the possibility of using both NS and GGBFS together as a full substitute for cement, with PWCT as a full substitute fornatural sand, although the use of PWCT decreased the workability and strength of the final product. PWCT was established as a prospective candidate for replacement of up to 50% of the sand in cement in terms of environmental friendliness, cost effectiveness, and conservation of natural resources. HSSCGPC had high durability when compared with normal types of concrete.

Seismic responses of cracked scaled-down arch dams were investigated by experiment on a shaking table. Two different curvature models (M1 and M2) were cast by using a plan concrete. Dams properties, including materials and dimensions, were carefully simulated. A significant earthquake magnitude with (7.7M) and water pressure were applied on the dam's models. Considering water and seismic loadings, the dynamic reactions of the arch dam's system were investigated. Both models showed crack overstresses or propagation on the dam's model as a result of seismic excitations. The arch dam with a higher degree of curvature was recorded 44 Mpa of stress evaluation which less by 30.7% of the arch dam with the lowest degree of curvature. The results indicated that raising the degree of curvature led to raising the dam's stability, earthquake resistance, less displacement, and less growth of tensile cracks.

The main objective of this work is to study of effect of rainfall intensity on the thickness of pavements layers of flexible pavement structure. This is using Maple 13 software for modeling of this problem and calculation the rainfall intensity and pavement infiltration. It was found that pavement infiltration increases with increasing rainfall intensity because of, the increase in the rainfall intensity caused an increase in the infiltrated water to the base and sub-base layers. Accordingly an increase in pore water pressure resulted which intends cause an increase in porosity and decrease of base and subbase degree of compaction. Accordingly which leads to increase in time-to-drain, decrease in drainage coefficient for base and sub-base, and subsequently, request to increase their thickness. For flexible pavement, rainfall intensity 256 mm/hr is giving pavement infiltration, thickness and drainage coefficient 3.2m/day, 46 cm, 0.57 respectively and rainfall intensity 25 mm/hr is giving pavement infiltration, thickness and drainage coefficient 0.4 m/day, 18.5cm, 1.7 respectively. Drainage of accumulated water on pavement is accordingly drained rapid in as short time as possible due to minimize potential moisture damage to a pavement structure. It was found that soil type effects of moisture in pavement based on conditions of total saturation with loss of pavement strength from through affect the state of stress through suction (effective porosity) or pore water pressure and affect the structure of the soil through destruction of the cementation between soil particles because of, soil types difference in coefficient of permeability. Where, soil types have been used in this study Well-graded sand, Uniform dense sand and Fine-grain soil.