Background: A natural-killer (NK) cell is a cytotoxic lymphocyte that responds to tumor formation. Electroacupuncture (EA) in patients with cancer, who had chemotherapy, enabled them to maintain their T-cell counts (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and NK-cell activity. Objective: To evaluate NK-cell levels and tumor sizes in patients with cervical squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) after EA on ST 36 (Zusanli). Design: This study was a randomized, experimental clinical study with a pre-post-test, control group design. Setting The study was performed in the obstetrics and gynecology department, Gynecology Oncology Division of the

Background: Pain is a major complaint in cancer patients and a global problem that requires medical attention, including pain in cervical cancer. Although pharmacotherapy has been used for the treatment of cancer pain, there are still around 40% cannot be treated only with pharmacotherapy. Objectives: To determine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on pain in stage III cervical cancer patients. Methods: Twenty-eight stage III cervical cancer patients were divided into two groups (14 treatments and 14 controls) with randomized control trial design. The treatment group received EA with a frequency of 2/20-25 Hz at points of ST36, SP6, LI4 and LR3 for 30 minutes, while the control group did not receive EA. Both groups were given paracetamol and codeine at the same dose. Assessment was carried out by measuring pain scale (VAS), plasma β-endorphin levels, and quality of life/QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) before and after therapy. Results: The average reduction in VAS in the treatment group (2.71 ± 1.14) compared to the control group (0.71 ± 1.33; p < 0.001), average increase in plasma β-endorphin levels in the treatment group (88.57 ± 52.46 pg/ml) compared to the control group (12.86 ± 56.76 pg/ml; p = 0.001), and in QoL, there were significant differences in symptom improvement between the treatment and control groups in the domain of fatigue, pain, insomnia and overall QoL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Medical therapy combined with EA decreased pain scale, increased plasma β-endorphin levels, and improved the QoL for stage III cervical cancer patients.

Background: The prevalence of pain at advanced cervical cancer stages is increasing. Existing World Health Organization recommendations for management comprises a 3-step ladder of analgesic therapy but this still cannot address this pain optimally. An alternative therapy used to reduce pain, acupuncture, is almost without side-effects, is safe, and is easy to implement. This study compared electroacupuncture (EA) versus paracetamol 500 mg +10-mg codeine therapy for patients with stage-IIIB cervical cancer post cisplatin chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into 2 groups (treatment and control groups). A quasiexperimental study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group pretest-post-test design. Participants in the treatment group were given EA for 30 minutes 10 times over 3 weeks, while participants in the control group were given paracetamol 3 • 500 mg and codeine 3 • 10 mg orally every day for 3 weeks. Statistical analysis used paired t-tests, a Wilcoxon test, an independent t-test, or a Mann-Whitney-U test with P < 0.05. Results: Pretest and post-test pain-scale levels were 5.39 -0.62 and 4.57 -0.88, respectively (P < 0.001).

Pendahuluan: Merokok telah diketahui menjadi faktor resiko banyak penyakit dan kematian. Meskipun demikian, terdapat peningkatan prevalensi perokok berusia muda. Intervensi untuk meningkatkan angka berhenti merokok diharapkan efektif dilakukan. Desain intervensi tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh seberapa tinggi motivasi berhenti merokok. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi motivasi seseorang untuk berhenti merokok berdasarkan Transtheoretical Model (TTM), untuk menentukan hubungan faktor demografi dan pengetahuan rokok terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok, dan menemukan faktor-faktor yang membedakan motivasi untuk berhenti merokok. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di sekitar kampus B Universitas Airlangga pada September 2018 menggunakan metode survei, rancangan studi cross-sectional dengan teknik accidental sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini merupakan perokok berusia 17 - 25 tahun (n = 162). Hasil: Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa tingkat motivasi tertinggi terdapat pada tahap kontemplasi yaitu sebanyak 38,9% (62 responden). Tahap kontemplasi adalah tahap dimana seseorang masih berstatus sebagai perokok aktif, tetapi sudah berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok dalam 6 bulan ke depan, sehingga masih memiliki kecenderungan untuk membatalkan keinginan berhenti merokok. Profil demografi, seperti uang saku, jumlah teman merokok dan keberadaan perokok di rumah responden tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat motivasi berhenti merokok. Pengetahuan dan intensitas merokok berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok. Terdapat korelasi antara pengeluaran untuk merokok dan jumlah batang rokok per hari dengan motivasi berhenti merokok (p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Promosi kesehatan terkait berhenti merokok yang berfokus di kalangan remaja sangat perlu dilakukan. Intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk perokok pada tahap kontemplasi adalah mengadakan penyuluhan tentang bahaya merokok dan pemberian informasi adanya NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy).