This study aims to analyze the institutional variables of governance in ASEAN 7 developing countries. The independent variables consist of Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption, while shadow economy is dependent variable. The data used in this study are quantitative data and secondary data by using program Stata 14, the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression panel data. The results show that Voice and accountability has a negative and significant effect on the shadow economy as well as Political stability, Government effectiveness and Control of corruption on the other side. Regulatory quality has a positive and significant effect on the amount of shadow economy. Meanwhile, Rule of law no significant effect on the shadow economy. Underlying the results, the study arranges some policy to reduce negative effect of shadow economy.This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license.

Saat ini, wirausaha merupakan salah satu elemen yang mampu berkontribusi sebagai penggerak dalam memperbaiki perekonomian di Kabupaten Tegal. Minat wirausaha di kalangan pemuda perlu di bentuk untuk menumbuhkan perilaku wirausaha yang berdampak positif untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah model minat wirausaha dengan menggunakan dasar theory of planned behavioruntuk memprediksi perilaku wirausaha. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat wirausaha pemuda di Kabupaten Tegal. Variabel yang diamati meliputi sikap terhadap wirausaha, norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku dan gender. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah Partial Least Squares-Stuctural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden, yang diambil secara acak dengan teknik stratified random sampling.  Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner sebagai instrumen penelitian dan diukur menggunakan skala likert 1-7. Indikator atau pernyataan dalam kuisioner mengacu pada pendapat Liñán & Chen (2009) yang dimodifikasi.Berdasarkan hasil estimasi koefisien jalur menyatakan bahwa minat wirausaha pemuda di Kabupaten Tegal terbentuk dari sikap terhadap wirausaha, norma subjektif dan kontrol perilaku. Ketiga faktor tersebut terbukti signifikan secara tidak langsung terhadap perilaku wirausaha, yang artinya pemuda telah menjalankan aktivitas menjadi wirausahawan. Gender ditemukan tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan sikap terhadap wirausaha, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku terhadap minat wirausaha. Laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki tingkatan yang sama dalam membentuk minat wirausaha.

This study aims to analyze the institutional variables of governance in ASEAN 7 developing countries. The independent variables consist of Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption, while shadow economy is dependent variable. The data used in this study are quantitative data and secondary data by using program Stata 14, the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression panel data. The results show that Voice and accountability has a negative and significant effect on the shadow economy as well as Political stability, Government effectiveness and Control of corruption on the other side. Regulatory quality has a positive and significant effect on the amount of shadow economy. Meanwhile, Rule of law no significant effect on the shadow economy. Underlying the results, the study arranges some policy to reduce negative effect of shadow economy.

The level of welfare that has a fluctuating trend with a downward trend, will have an impact on the reduced ability of the community to meet their needs, so that will affect their welfare. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the welfare of the people in Riau Province. The variables used in this study include the level of poverty, the level of open unemployment (TPT), per capita expenditure, and economic growth. The method used panel data regression that uses secondary data sources obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2008-2017. The sampling technique used is sampling saturated with data in 11 districts and cities in Riau Province. The results showed that the poverty rate has a negative effect and per capita expenditure has a positive effect on community welfare, while the unemployment and growth rates do not significantly affect on community welfare. Reform of government policies in the economic sector needs to be done to prevent or reduce poverty and unemployment, and create development programs towards a prosperous society.Keywords: community welfare, poverty, TPT, per capita expenditure, GRDP