In hydroelectric plants, there are, on a regular or untimely basis, shutdowns of the generating units in order to carry out some maneuvers for tests and mechanical maintenance. The low operating flow increases the probability of accumulation of ichthyofauna in the draft tube. As a result, the variables that determine the quality of water can change, which requires a broad and coordinated human effort to rescue trapped fish. In addition to the risks related to work safety, there are large economic liabilities as a result of the downtime of the generating units. To minimize this problem, it is necessary to improve techniques for repelling fish from risk areas. The detection of chemical substances in water is one of the most efficient methods of communication between fish. Thus, this study presents a brief review of alarm substances, which are released by the fish epidermis as a sign of defensive response to a dangerous situation and are promising for use as a chemical barrier in the hydroelectric sector.
ABSTRACT. The purpose of this work was to study the surroundings of a landfill in the Formosa city, Goi´as state, central Brazil, with respect to the values of the soil electrical resistivity. In the study area, two geophysical surveys were conducted, respectively in 2012 January and May. These studies were executed in the northwest edge of the landfill, which has smaller altimetry and therefore is the preferred site for effluents migration. The resistivity variation in the study area between the two data acquisition periods showed an average increase of approximately 47% in the value of this property in the transition from the rainy to the dry season. Independent of variation derived from the seasonal aspects of precipitation, there were observed areas with high and low resistivity along the survey line and whose positions are the same in both periods. The reasons for the occurrence of these areas are related to surface water runoff, which transports material in solution from landfill, including nearby roads, to its slope.Keywords: geophysical survey, effluent migration, surface water runoff. RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o entorno do Aterro Sanitário de Formosa, estado de Goiás, Brasil, mais especificamente sua borda noroeste, no que diz respeito aos valores da resistividade elétrica do solo. Na área de estudo foram realizados dois levantamentos geofísicos, respectivamente em janeiro e maio de 2012. Estes levantamentos foram executados na região noroeste do aterro, a qual apresenta as menores cotas e, portanto, é o local preferencial para migração de efluentes. A variação da resistividade na área de estudo entre os dois períodos de aquisição de dados mostrou que em média ocorreu um aumento de aproximadamente 47% no valor desta propriedade na passagem da estação chuvosa para a de seca. Independente da variação derivada dos aspectos sazonais de precipitação observaram-se, nos períodos de levantamento, áreas com alta e baixa resistividade ao longo da linha de aquisição de dados e cujas posições são coincidentes nos dois períodos. A justificativa para a ocorrência destas zonas está vinculada ao escoamento superficial de água, a qual, ao escoar na área do aterro, inclusive pelas estradas ali existentes, transporta material em solução que tende a se acumular no seu talude.Palavras-chave: levantamentos geofísicos, migração de efluente, escoamento superficial.
Several repulsion systems have been developed to minimize the confinement of ichthyofauna in draft tubes. In this perspective, this study intends to analyze the efficiency of the hydraulic flow rate increase maneuver, using a hydroacoustic system for real-time monitoring of the movement of the ichthyofauna confined within the draft tube of the generating units of Jirau Hydroelectric Power Plant. It is located on the Madeira River, in Rondônia, Brazil. We analyzed footage of 105 machine shutdowns taken between 2019 and 2020 at Jirau Hydroelectric Power Plant that used the hydraulic flow rate increase maneuver as a strategy to repulse ichthyofauna. Also, the footage of 7 two-stage shutdowns in the year 2020 was analyzed, the first stage without the maneuver and the second with the maneuver. The follow-up of 105 shutdowns demonstrate that approximately 85% of the footage showed little or no movement of ichthyofauna in the draft tube, with images of movements showing patterns characteristic of small fish (~97%). Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation of the two-stage maneuver indicated a reduction of approximately 91% in the movement of ichthyofauna after the hydraulic flow rate increase maneuver. Thus, the increase in the rate of the hydraulic flow procedure, developed by Jirau Energia, proved to be an innovative and efficient strategy in reducing extensive social and environmental impacts and in favoring positive economic impacts.
As substâncias de alarme, liberadas após danos às células epidérmicas de peixes, é um dos sinais mais eficientes no grupo Osteriophysan, isto é, 72% das espécies de água doce. A hipoxantina-3-N-óxido é indicada como um dos possíveis componentes ativos dessas substâncias. Ensaios foram feitos com as espécies Matrinxã e Tambaqui através de aquários com capacidade de 100 L, instrumentalizados com sistemas de introdução de amostra e aquisição de imagens de forma remota. Os resultados indicaram na concentração de 6,0 µg L-1 alterações comportamentais incomuns como letargia, forrageio para o fundo e ataques, que apoiam a premissa de que a hipoxantina-3-N-óxido é eficaz na indução de sinais de alarme. A hipoxantina pode ser futuramente um bom método de manejo para proteção da ictiofauna, sobretudo no setor hidrelétrico, por ter eficácia comprovada, ser uma substância sintética, comercial e não tóxica à biota e ao ambiente aquático.
Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior -CRB6/2422O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores.2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
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