Hydrazine toxicity is associated with generation of several kinds of free radicals and oxidative stress in cell. Experiments in vivo have demonstrated that oxidative stress could either diminish or increase concentration of vitamin E in some tissues. Thus in the present study we performed experiments to determine whether hydrazine-induced oxidative stress would change the tissue levels of the vitamin. Seven days of hydrazine intoxication led to accumulation of different amounts of vitamin E: 215% in the liver, 118% in the heart, 135% in the spleen, and 100% in the muscle over control value. There were no changes in the level of the vitamin in kidney and pancreas, despite its significant depletion in the serum. In tissue that accumulated vitamin E after hydrazine treatment, an increased of oxidative stress measured by the concentration of lipid-soluble fluorophore was observed. Significant increases of 107%, 46%, 72%, and 58% over control values were observed in the liver, heart, spleen, and muscle, respectively. Rats treated with hydrazine and pharmacological doses of alpha-tocopherol accumulated higher concentrations of vitamin E in all studied tissues compared with the alpha-tocopherol-only treated rats. However, in tissues with elevated levels of fluorophore as liver, heart, spleen, and muscle, the accumulation of vitamin E was 5.03, 4.5, 4.03, and 4.6 times higher than in alpha-tocopherol-treated rats, respectively. Vitamin E concentration was much higher than in kidney and pancreas, where the accumulation was only 2.31 and 2.6 times higher. On the other hand, 3 days of hydrazine treatment did not change either the level of lipid-soluble fluorophore or the level of vitamin E in the liver mitochondria, microsomes, and homogenate. In skeletal muscle vitamin E caused decreased lipofuscin accumulation, and in pancreas vitamin E increased lipofuscin accumulation. Our data indicate that hydrazine is able to modify significantly vitamin E status in different rat tissues.

JóZef sZubert, sławomir sZubert, woJciech wiecZorek… JóZef sZubert, sławomir sZubert, woJciech wiecZorek, alicJa sZymańska-PasZcZuk, włoDZimierZ Ziółkowski, marietta sZubert wyżsZa sZkoła informatyki i umieJętnoŚci w łoDZi Alternatywna metoda wyznaczania maksymalnego poboru tlenu (vO 2 max) przez organizm człowieka An alternative method of measuring the human maximal oxygen uptake (vO 2 Max) Introduction: One of the main tasks of the physiology of human exercise is the evaluation of physical efficiency. The maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) is the best indicator of physical fitness. It allows to widely predict a healthy organism's response to physical strain. It is also considered useful in clinical research for evaluating patients' ability to exercise, as well as monitoring the effects of their treatment or rehabilitation. Every method of measuring the maximal oxygen uptake has its limits and that is why a new, possibly simple, safe and reliable method of measuring Vo2max is constantly sought for.Materials and methods: On the basis of our own and worldwide empirical data, as well as the laws of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, a new, accurate and safe method of measuring maximal oxygen uptake was developed. The method allows to evaluate Vo2max under various submaximal exercise loads.Results: There is no statistically significant difference between the maximal oxygen uptake values measured using the author's method and those acquired using other researchers' methods.Conclusion: The author's method of measuring maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) can be a valid alternative to the currently used methods. WprowadzenieJednym z zadań fizjologii wysiłków fizycznych człowieka jest ocena jego wydolności fizycznej. Może ona służyć określeniu zmian czynnościowych występujących w organizmie człowieka bądź to na skutek treningu, aktywności ruchowej, http://dx.

Podczas przejścia od młodości do wieku starszego maksymalne parametry fizjologiczne serca mężczyzn ulegają zmniejszeniu. Na podstawie światowych danych doświadczalnych, dotyczących badań przekrojowych i longitudinalnych zmian maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn w procesie starzenia się, stosując analizę matematyczną oraz modelowanie matematyczne i symulację komputerową, opracowano innowacyjne, kompleksowe i wiarygodne metody wyznaczania maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn: rzutu minutowego serca (COmax), częstości pracy serca (HRmax), objętości wyrzutowej serca (SVmax), różnicy tętniczo-żylnej wysycenia krwi tlenem (AVDmax) oraz pułapu tlenowego (Vo2max). Opracowane metody pozwalają każdy maksymalny parametr fizjologiczny serca dla dużej i przeciętnej wydolności mężczyzn przedstawić: graficznie (za pomocą wykresu), analitycznie (za pomocą równania matematycznego) oraz tabelarycznie. Takie opracowanie maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn pozwala dla dowolnego wieku i rozpatrywanej wydolności fizycznej wyznaczyć w przekroju poprzecznym wszystkie maksymalne parametry serca: COmax, HRmax, SVmax, AVDmax oraz Vo2max.

JóZef sZubert, sławomir sZubert, woJciech wiecZorek, alicJa sZymańska-PasZcZuk włoDZimierZ Ziółkowski, marietta sZubert wyżsZa sZkoła informatyki i umieJętnoŚci w łoDZi Własna, nieinwazyjna metoda wyznaczania pojemności minutowej (CO) i objętości wyrzutowej (SV) serca dziewcząt i chłopców w wieku 7-9 lat podczas wysiłku fizycznego Our own, non-invasive method of measuring the cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) in children aged 7-9 during physical exercise Introduction: Cardiac output (CO) determines the cardiovascular system's function and undergoes fluctuations in various physiological and pathological states. All of the currently available CO monitoring methods have their limitations, which is the reason we keep looking for new, possibly simple, cost-effective and safe, but still reliable methods.Materials and methods: Based on both our own and global empiric data and laws of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, we developed a new, non-invasive and safe method of measuring cardiac output and the stroke volume (SV). The aforementioned method allows us to measure both CO and SV in children undergoing various relative workload exercise.Results: CO and SV values obtained by the author's method do not differ significantly from the values obtained by other researchers using different methods.Conclusions: The developed method is non-invasive, simple, cost-effective, reliable and poses no risk for the examined person's life or health. It can be a viable alternative to the currently used methods.http://dx

Introduction. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that has an effect on living organisms may be a source of oxidative stress. A lack of proper compensation by antioxidant defences on the part of proteins leading to an uncontrolled growth of reactive forms of oxygen, which may give rise to numerous health conditions. Various scientific studies have indicated that propolis has multiple valuable medicinal properties: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, protective - in relation to liver parenchyma, as well as anti-cancer. Nonetheless, the results of studies concerned with its antioxidant capabilities are not explicit and require further tests and analyses.Objective. Determination of the effect of propolis supplementation on selected oxidative stress parameters in blood platelets exposed to electromagnetic radiation mitted by LCD monitors.Material and methods. The material was a suspension containing human blood platelets. A 7% propolis solution was added to a cellular preparation before an exposure to EMR with a frequency of 1 kHz and an intensity of the electric component of 220 V/m (corresponding to sitting a distance of 15 cm from an LCD screen) for a total of 60 minutes. Before the exposure, as well as immediately following it, the researchers determined the level of activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde concentration, and evaluated it with regard to the control sample, i.e. material which was not subjected to EMR exposure.Results. Electromagnetic radiation caused a statistically significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity as compared with the reference group, irrespective of propolis supplementation. All of the studied groups indicated a minimal increase in the malondialdehyde concentration as compared with its initial values; however, the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions. The obtained results allow to conclude that the analysed electromagnetic radiation produced unfavourable changes in the activity of one of the enzymes responsible for antioxidative protection - superoxide dismutase (SOD - 1), and, moreover, a slight intensification in lipid peroxidation, which is expressed by an increase in malondialdehyde concentration (MDA). The supplementation with 7% propolis solution does not constitute sufficient protection against the negative effect of EMR. It is necessary to conduct further studies as well as determine the behaviour of other antioxidative enzymes.