A modified ATPase method for the simultaneous demonstration of capillaries and fiber types in skeletal muscle is presented. Muscle biopsies were obtained from mice, hamsters, rats, cats, and dogs, quick frozen, and sectioned at 8 microns in a cryostat. The frozen slides were fixed in a neutral formalin solution at 4 C for 5 min, and then incubated at 37 C for 1 hr in a medium containing ATP, Pb2+, and Ca2+ in a tris-maleate buffer (pH 7.2). Dilute (NH4)2S was used as a developer. To test the reliability of the proposed method, serial sections of each biopsy were stained separately for capillaries (amylase-PAS method) and for fiber types by a standard myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) method. Fiber type percent and capillary parameters were determined for each biopsy. No difference in results was observed for parameters determined using the modified ATPase method compared to the standard capillary and fiber type staining methods. This modified technique is therefore suitable for the simultaneous demonstration of capillaries and fiber types in skeletal muscle.

In this case report we describe the management of severe hypernatraemia following inadvertent water restriction. A 21-year-old woman with no reported medical history presented on transfer from an outside hospital with a complex volar upper extremity injury. Management both operatively and postoperatively involved a prolonged period of fasting which limited her access to drinking water. Collateral history revealed that she had previously drunk copious amounts of water during the course of any given day and this had served to alleviate the dramatic symptoms of hypernatraemia that were rapidly manifest when her normal intake was curtailed. We outline the fluid management, administration of desmopressin and her subsequent recovery. A literature review of the management of central diabetes insipidus is also covered.

Background: Optimal management of pediatric mandible fractures demands preservation of this structure's growth potential and functional dynamics. We advocate less invasive interventions in dealing with these injuries whenever feasible. Here, we analyze our experience with pediatric mandible fractures at a major pediatric teaching hospital. Methods:We assessed the demographics, management, and outcomes of pediatric mandible fractures presenting over ten years. Management was strati ed as follows: Level A: physical therapy or mandible rest; Level B: external stabilization techniques (C-collar or ACE wrap); Level C: closed reduction and external  xation (CREF), and level D: open reduction and external  xation (ORIF). The effects of fracture pattern on mandibular function and growth were explored, and the impact of operative management on these relationships was assessed.

No abstract

No abstract