In the existing studies devoted to predicting bankruptcy, the authors of such models only used book measures. Considering the fact that the evolution of corporate measure efficiency (in addition to book measures) brought into existence and exposed the importance of cash measures, market measures, and measures based on the economic profit concept, it is justified to carry out research into the possibility of using these measures as variables within the discriminant function. The studied dataset was divided into a training set and a testing set based on two variants of the sample division. The assessment of the statistical significance of the built discriminant functions as well as the diagnostic variables was conducted using the STATISTICA package. The research was conducted separately for each variant. In the first step, a total of 30 discriminant models were created. This enabled us to select 20 diagnostic variables that were considered within the two models that were characterised by the highest predictive abilities—one for each variant. The discriminant function that was estimated for the first variant was based on the use of eight diagnostic variables, and 13 diagnostic variables were used in the function that was estimated for the second variant. The conducted analysis has proven that shareholder value measures are a useful tool that can be applied for the needs of corporate risk management in the area of the assessment of a firm’s bankruptcy risk. Using two variants of the division of the research sample into the training and testing sets, it turned out that the division affects the predictive efficiency of the discriminant functions. At the same time, the obtained findings tend to claim that the presence of the value measures from all four of the studied groups in the output set of the diagnostic variables is necessary for possibly building the most efficient tool for the early warning signs of bankruptcy risk.
Streszczenie: Cel -Celem artykułu jest ukazanie analitycznych walorów rynkowych indeksowanych mierników wartości poprzez pomiar i ocenę efektywności kreowania wartości przedsiębiorstw z wykorzystaniem wybranych zewnętrznych narzędzi analitycznych. Metodologia badania -Artykuł oparty został na analizie literatury oraz wykorzystaniu narzędzi analizy finansowej w postaci mierników efektywności kreowania wartości w odniesieniu do wybranych spółek sektora budowlanego w Polsce. Wynik -Analiza wykazała, że zewnętrzne indeksowane mierniki wartości dostarczają informacji na temat okresowych efektów kreowania wartości przedsiębiorstwa, wzbogacając tym samym analizę jego wartości. Oryginalność/wartość -Przeprowadzoną analizę należy traktować jako punkt wyjścia do dalszej pogłębio-nej analizy uwarunkowań i efektywności praktycznego wykorzystania mierników indeksowanych, w tym miar opartych na koncepcji zysku ekonomicznego.Słowa kluczowe: mierniki wartości, wartość rynkowa, efektywność kreowania wartości WprowadzenieWłączenie informacji rynkowej w postaci ceny rynkowej akcji do analizy okresowych wyników przedsiębiorstwa stanowiło jeden z wyznaczników ewolucji w postrzeganiu i diagnozowaniu kategorii jego efektywności. Wpisuje się to równocześnie w zmiany zachodzące w obrębie paradygmatu pomiaru wielkości ekonomicznych, których efektem jest m.in. rozwój mierników efektywności przedsiębiorstwa związany z ich wzbogaceniem o mierniki służące pomiarowi i ocenie efektywności kreowania jego wartości (Jaki, 2013, s. 133-139). Powstanie i popularyzacja zewnętrznych mierników kreowania wartości oraz oparta na ich zastosowaniu analiza rynkowej wartości przedsiębiorstwa, zwiększyła zakres informacyjny na temat jego pozycji finansowej, bowiem pozwoliła ona na skuteczne zidentyfikowanie zjawiska określanego mianem luki wartości (value gap), czyli różnicy pomiędzy rynkową Finanse, Rynki Finansowe, Ubezpieczenia nr 1/2018 (91)
A study of the efficiency of the energy companies that are listed on the Polish capital market, which will be the object of the analysis in this paper, is focused on assessing the degree of accomplishment of their basic financial objectives, namely, the maximization of their market values. The main research methods that are used in the article are methods for analyzing and evaluating the literature (in order to present the current scientific achievements in the field under study) and descriptive statistics and mathematical statistical methods for analyzing the interdependence of the phenomena (used to characterize and compare the analyzed energy-sector companies, as well as to quantify the determinants of the value-creation efficiency of these companies). This article is focused on the conditions and problems that are related to the decision-making processes that are aimed at increasing efficiency in the area of building enterprise-value. These require the use of tools for efficiency measurement that enable management to quantify and assess changes in an enterprise’s market value and the efficiency of its creation. Within the conducted research, it has also been proven that this is the market perspective that is of key significance from the point of view of the criteria of making financial management decisions. The market perspective reflects the expectations of the majority of company stakeholders, to the fullest. The study showed that the allocation of capital in the listed energy companies during the period of 2014–2020 was subject to a relatively high risk of losing the economic value of the invested capital. In terms of asset value, dividing the studied group of companies into portfolios of two groups of companies additionally showed that the volatility of the market and equity returns for the smaller companies was higher than it was for the larger companies.
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