Within the Framework of the EU initiative 'Benchmarking Europe's Industrial Competitiveness', a project benchmarking industryscience relations (ISR) was carried out covering eight EU countries, the USA and Japan. In these countries ISR were compared in order to assess the role of framework conditions in the interaction between industry (private businessenterprise sector) and science (higher-education institutions and public-sector research establishments), and to recommend areas for policy improvement. Benchmarking ISR focuses on identifying good practices in shaping ISRrelevant framework conditions given the specific features of a national innovation system. The paper presents the methodology employed and the main findings.

T his paper discusses the concept of the knowledge triangle (hereafter KT), as it has gained importance in recent years as a framework for innovation policies especially in OECD and Europe. The concept has gained popularity because it emphasizes an integrated (systemic) approach to the interlinkages between research, education and innovation. In this article, we highlight the key features of this concept and try to contextualize it with other concepts,

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