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Traditional historical buildings carry the culture and spirit of China for thousands of years and have a unique charm that modern buildings do not have. However, traditional historical buildings have gradually declined over time, and their restoration not only takes time and materials but also causes certain harm to the environment. Therefore, this paper has aimed to explore how traditional historical buildings can develop in a sustainable and ecologically adaptive image in modern times. For traditional historical buildings, this paper has taken traditional cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi as an example to analyze their ecological adaptability, and based on the analysis results, traditional cave dwellings have been transformed. Specifically, this paper has taken the comfort of residential houses as the evaluation standard and has selected the thermal stability of the building and the energy consumption of heat supply as indicators to compare and analyze the traditional cave dwellings and the renovated cave dwellings. The experimental results of this paper have found that the traditional historical buildings are the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancients for thousands of years. However, due to the limitation of technology, the lighting and thermal stability of traditional cave dwellings are not high. After scientific design, the lighting and thermal stability of the transformed cave are 100% and 30% higher than those of the traditional cave, respectively, and the heating energy consumption is reduced by 50%.

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With the rapid development of urbanization, urban land has been expropriated and developed on a large scale. Moreover, people’s awareness of the protection of historical buildings is relatively weak, so some historical buildings have been demolished or rebuilt. Historical buildings have played an important role in the spread of national culture, so how to use some methods to protect historical buildings from being destroyed has become an urgent problem to be solved. The protection of historical buildings includes a series of complicated and rigorous procedures, such as on-site drawing and mapping, survey and design, and scheme discussion and construction. The surveying and mapping of traditional historical buildings require people to do it by themselves, so it is inevitably time-consuming and labor-intensive. This paper first discussed and analyzed the significance of historical building protection, and then used digital technology to make up for the shortcomings of traditional manual surveying and mapping and historical building protection methods. Modern technologies such as three-dimensional laser scanning technology and virtual reality technology are used to restore the style and appearance of historical buildings. Among them, in terms of the color of historical buildings, the restoration degree of buildings based on digital protection technology has reached 56.1%; at the same time, the efficiency of information collection and processing, and virtual model construction has also been improved. Thus, the ultimate goal of historical building protection is achieved, and it provides a reference for the digital protection of historical buildings.

The ecological problems faced by China’s environmental protection are becoming more and more serious. Serious haze occurs frequently in some areas. Water pollution, soil pollution, and other new types of pollution are still relatively prominent problems. Therefore, rural architectural planning and landscape optimization design should be based on the premise of ecological environmental protection. This paper puts forward the evaluation of rural architectural planning and landscape in the context of ecological environment protection and uses the analytic hierarchy process to analyze and obtain the evaluation results. This method has a comprehensive and scientific powerful evaluation function. The experimental results of this paper show that after the evaluation of the analytic hierarchy process, it is found that the comprehensive score of the architectural planning and landscape of village A is not very high. The highest weight is 0.3210, the landscape diversity score of street A is 1.28, and the landscape diversity score of street D is 1.76. This is the highest score, indicating that the architectural planning and landscape of the village cannot meet the needs of contemporary ecological environmental protection. Aiming at the problems existing in the landscape, the corresponding measures are also given at the end of the experiment, which has certain significance for the landscape optimization design.