A simple treatment of Néel relaxation using the common zero-field relaxation time overestimates the relaxation time of the magnetization in situations relevant for MPI and MPS. For sinusoidally driven (or ramped) systems, whether or not a particular relaxation mechanism dominates or is even relevant depends on the magnetic field strength, the frequency (or ramp time), and the phase of the magnetization relative to the applied magnetic field.

SYNOPSISSurface degradation of implanted poly (ether urethane) s was studied quantitatively with a micro-ATR-FTIR technique. Substantial degradation was observed particularly in the soft segment a t the a-carbon adjacent to the ether linkage. The degradation caused changes in the concentration profiles of the soft-segment groups in the depth direction, and the affected depth was up to 10 microns after implantation for 10 weeks. Inhibition of degradation by antioxidants indicated the oxidative nature of degradation. An in uiuo poly (ether urethane) degradation mechanism was proposed.

Purpose:The authors investigate the ability of current models for magnetic nanoparticles immersed in dilute ferrofluids and external sinusoidal magnetic fields to explain recent experiments in which the relaxation effects are dominated by viscous damping. Methods: The Fokker-Planck (FP) equation appropriate for the nanoparticle magnetic moment distribution corresponding to the underlying stochastic Langevin model is numerically studied and solutions compared to experimental results. The FP equation is solved using an expansion in Legendre polynomials. The polydisperse properties of the ferrofluids are incorporated into the analysis. Results: By using a FP approach that includes polydispersion, the authors obtain good agreement with recent experimental results using ferrofluids containing nanoparticles with average hydrodynamic diameters in the 40-120 nm range. Conclusions: For nanoparticles used in recent magnetic spectroscopy experiments, the FP approach can be used to accurately model experimental data in the situation where Brownian relaxation effects are dominant and the ferrofluids are dilute.

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