The study explored the causal effect analysis of healthcare spending and life expectancy on annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Kenya utilizing time series data from 2000 to 2020. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and error correction (ECM) models were applied to inspect the short-term and long-term equilibrium and the speed of adjustment to the long-run equilibrium owing to a disturbance in the short term, respectively. Bounds testing analysis confirmed the existence of a long-term linkage between the factors. The speed of adjustment from medium-term to long-run equilibria owing to structural breaks is statistically significant. This indicated that the system is convergent, but

A 2008-as globális pénzügyi recesszió és az azt követő, államadóssággal kapcsolatos válság óta az Egyesült Államok gazdasági fölénye gyengült. Kína folyamatosan növekedve pedig megbízható gazdasági erővé vált világszerte, különösen Ázsiában. Vajon tekintettel az amerikai gazdaság pénzügyi uralmának hanyatlására, küszöbön áll-e, hogy a renminbi globális valutává váljon? A jelen kritikai áttekintésben azt állítom, hogy a dollár hegemóniája veszélyben van ugyan, de a politikai és a gazdasági helyzet nem tűnik még érettnek a renminbi globalizációjára. A kínai héják az Ukrajna lerohanása után Oroszországot érintő gazdasági szankciókban esélyt látnak arra, hogy megtörjön az amerikai dollár dominanciája. Továbbá Kína lépéselőnyhöz jutott azáltal, hogy elsőként indította el a digitális jegybankpénzt. Ahhoz azonban, hogy a digitális jüan globalizációja hatékony legyen, Kínának el kell nyernie a külföldi felhasználók bizalmát pénzügyi rendszerének megalapozottsága, gazdasága és a digitális jüan működőképessége iránt. Ezenkívül a renminbi nemzetközivé válásának elősegítése érdekében Kínának enyhítenie kell a tőkeszabályozást, fokoznia kell a renminbi konvertibilitását, és át kell alakítania a pénzügyi rendszerét.

The biggest barrier to an egalitarian Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to be deeply ingrained structural obstacles and gender imbalances. The significant prevalence of gender inequities, which have both structural and economic ramifications, must be addressed if SSA is committed to achieving the Africa 2063 Agenda (the Africa we want) and Sustainable Development Agenda 2030: gender equity and equality, and economic development. Using partial least squares simultaneous equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), this study examines the effects of gender inequality and occupational segregation on economic growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The explanatory power of the structural path model indicated that 17.3% of the variations in latent endogenous variable economic growth in SSA are explained by gender inequality and occupational segregation. This is evidence that gender inequality and occupational segregation account for a significant portion of economic growth in the SSA region. The results of a bootstrapping simulation indicate that, in SSA nations, the direct impact of gender inequality on economic growth is insignificant (β = 0.068, p > 0.05) while occupational segregation, macroeconomic policies, and globalization have a significant impact. However, the indirect effects of both gender inequality (β = −0.048, p < 0.05) and occupational segregation (β = −0.011, p < 0.05) on economic growth via the coordinating power of macroeconomic policy and globalization are significant. This demonstrated that macroeconomic policies are not gender‐neutral. It is therefore recommended that the most significant progress toward achieving an egalitarian SSA be made through an adequate fiscal policy interplay that considers the socioeconomic level of SSA people. Advocate for trade liberalization policies and globalization to benefit from the spillover effects of greater demand for female labor, which promotes gender equality and economic expansion. Even though the gender gap in education and health is closing, SSA countries should fully implement the International Labour Organization (ILO) treaties on gender equality. This will help to lessen social consumption spending and encourage investment spending, which generates returns to develop the economy in the realization of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and the Africa 2063 Agenda (the Africa we want).

Since the global financial recession of 2008 and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis, the US economic supremacy has experienced setbacks. China has steadily grown into a dependable economic force across the globe, particularly in Asia. Is the renminbi on the verge of becoming a global currency given the financial domination setbacks of the US economy? In this critical review analysis, I contend that the dollar’s hegemonic position is at risk, but the political and economic climate does not appear to be ripe for renminbi globalization. The Chinese hawks see the economic sanctions levied against Russia following the Ukraine invasion as a chance to challenge the dominance of the US dollar. Furthermore, China has benefited from the first-mover advantage through the launching of the Central Bank Digital Currency. However, China must gain the trust of foreign users in the robustness of its financial system, economy, and digital yuan’s functionality for the globalization of the digital yuan to be effective. Moreover, to promote renminbi internalization, China must ease capital regulations, increase renminbi convertibility, and restructure its financial system.

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