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Summary. Triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) are used in a wide range of household and personal care products and have been the most frequently detected organic pollutants in both wastewater and surface water. This paper presented a rapid analytical method for simultaneous determination of TCC and TCS in wastewater. The method involves the extraction and cleanup of the target compounds by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 0.028 µg/L and 0.040 µg/L for TCC and TCS, respectively. Under the concentrations of the spiking level ranging from 0.100 µg/L to 2.000 µg/L, the spiked recoveries of TCC and TCS in wastewater samples achieved in the range of 89.5-102.8% with RSD below 6.3% for TCC and 95.5-103.6% with RSD below 6.9% for TCS. This method was successfully used in monitoring the water samples from three traditional wastewater treatment plants.

A method was developed for the preparative separation of two alkaloids from the crude extract of the radix of Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. in a single run. The two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetatemethanol-water (5:5:2:8, v/v), where triethylamine (40 mmol/L) was added to the upper organic phase as the stationary phase and hydrochloric acid (10 mmol/L) was added to the lower aqueous phase as the mobile phase, was selected for this separation by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (PZRCCC). For the preparative separation, the apparatus was rotated at a speed 850 rpm, while the mobile phase was pumped into the column at 2 mL/min. As a result, 112 mg of reserpine and 21 mg of yohimbine were obtained from 3 g of crude extract in a single run. The analysis of the isolated compounds was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 230 nm with purities of over 91.0%, and the chemical identification was carried out by the data of electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The technique introduced in this paper is an efficient method for preparative separation of reserpine and yohimbine from devil pepper radix. It will be beneficial to utilize medicinal materials and also useful for the separation, purification, and pharmacological study of Chinese herbal ingredients.

Background and Aims Burdock fructooligosaccharides (BFO) is an elicitor that induces biotic resistance and delays colour development in grapes postharvest. The mechanism of the delayed colour development requires further study. Methods and Results Colour development index; anthocyanin, tannin, flavonol, flavanol, trans‐resveratrol and lignin; the trans‐resveratrol, lignin and anthocyanin biosynthesis‐related transcription factors; and functional gene expression were investigated. In response to BFO induction, upregulation of the v‐myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homologue 14 (MYB14)‐mediated stilbene synthase (STS) altered the phenylpropanoid fluxes from anthocyanin to trans‐resveratrol; MYBA1 and MYBA2‐mediated the downregulation of dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR), and flavonoid‐3‐O‐glycosyltransferase (UFGT) limited anthocyanin biosynthesis. Downregulation of MYB4‐mediated chalcone synthase (CHS) and upregulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) altered the phenylpropanoid fluxes from anthocyanin to lignin. Conclusions Burdock fructooligosaccharides inhibits postharvest colour development in grapes by altering the phenylpropanoid fluxes from anthocyanin to resistance‐related phenolic substances. Significance of the Study Understanding the mechanism of the effect of BFO on grape colour development may improve our understanding of colour development in grape berries.