We report a study of substrate-induced strain and its effect in ͑100͒ and ͑110͒ CrO 2 thin films deposited on TiO 2 substrates of respective orientations. While the ͑110͒ CrO 2 films grow essentially strain-free, the ͑100͒ CrO 2 films were found to be strained in all lattice directions-out of plane direction was compressively strained while in-plane directions were under tensile strain. Crystal lattice parameters were determined in strained ͑100͒ and strain-free ͑110͒ CrO 2 films together with the amount of strain in the three lattice directions. We found substrate-induced strain to significantly affect the magnetic moment in the ͑100͒ CrO 2 films at room temperature-reducing the magnetic moment with increasing strain in the ͑100͒ films while strain-free ͑110͒ CrO 2 thin films have higher moments for all thicknesses. Qualitative macroscopic conductance behavior in the strained ͑100͒ and strain-free ͑110͒ CrO 2 films were found to be comparable for temperatures in the range of 5-400 K, showing similar behavior at low temperature as well as near T c .
National Flood Interoperability Experiment (NFIE) derived technologies and workflows will offer the ability to rapidly forecast flood damages. Address Points used by emergency management personnel approximate the locations of buildings, and they are a common operating picture for emergency responders. Most United States (U.S.) county tax assessment offices throughout the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) produce georeferenced cadastral data. To varying degrees, these parcel data describe building characteristics of structures within the parcel. Address Point data with cadastral data offers the ability to rapidly develop building inventories for flood damage estimation. Flood damage forecasts can expedite recovery and improve short-term flood resilience. In this work the authors evaluate Flood Damage Wizard, a proposed open source platform independent methodology. Flood Damage Wizard uses point shapefile building information to estimate flood damage to buildings by finding the appropriate depth-damage function using fuzzy-text matching. The authors apply Flood Damage Wizard using Address Point and parcel datasets to demonstrate a method of estimating flood damage to buildings nearly anywhere within the CONUS. Results indicate using Address Point and cadastral datasets can generate total flood damage estimates approximate to those estimated using existing software solutions Hazus-MH and HEC-FIA with minimal manual processing of input data.(KEY TERMS: risk assessment; planning; flooding; geospatial analysis; damage assessment; open source software; rapid damage assessment.)
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