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In recent years, the tourism industry in traditional villages has been developing rapidly due to the national call to vigorously advocate for and promote traditional culture, but there are plenty of problems and challenges facing the protection and development of traditional villages. The GPS action tracking method was adopted in this study to investigate the trajectory of tourists in typical traditional villages of Huizhou and to screen out different spatial sites with different characteristics based on the kernel density analysis. Thereby, people’s behavior in different spatial sites were analyzed in depth using the method of behavior observation, and ultimately, the relevance between the spatial environment of traditional villages, the characteristics of tourists’ actions, and their staying preferences were discussed, and hence an improvement strategy of spatial optimization was put forward accordingly. The research shows that, in Huizhou traditional villages, different scales and forms of space will affect tourists’ tour paths; the unreasonable distribution of commercial formats leads to the uneven distribution of village vitality; and traditional elements and landscape facilities are more likely to cause tourists to demonstrate a variety of behaviors. These findings provide (1) a basis for further understanding the spatial characteristics of traditional villages in Huizhou; (2) a basis for the spatial optimization of traditional villages; and (3) a new research perspective and feasible technical route for the protection, renewal, and sustainable development of traditional villages in other regions.

With the acceleration in globalization, cities have tended to become similar, and commercial districts have gradually lost their local characteristics. Hence, utilizing scientific means to assess human perceptions of traditional and modern districts in an objective manner, this study applies the electroencephalography (EEG) test and the Semantic Differential (SD) method to evaluate the external space perceptions of traditional and modern commercial districts. The results show that the alpha wave mean value of traditional samples is greater than that of modern samples among all electrodes, and most electrodes demonstrate a significant difference. Meanwhile, the alpha wave energy value of a single electrode of different subjects is mostly larger in the traditional samples, meaning that traditional districts can lead to an increase in the brain's alpha waves. In addition, the SD results show that traditional samples make people feel more comfortable and relaxed; regarding the cultural atmosphere, they are more abundant in detail and distinct; regarding open and closed spaces, they are more closed and covert. The results also show that the electroencephalography (EEG) test can be applied to an evaluation of environmental perception to boost sustainable development of traditional commercial districts and offer more possibilities for future design.

For landscape architects, how to provide a highly quality forest landscape for visitors has always been an important topic. This study based on the results of previous field observation, combined with eye tracking technology and psychological perception questionnaire, and used the Wilcoxon rank sum test, T test and Spearman’s rho correlation analysis in SPSS 23.0 to statistically analyze the data. The main purpose is to clarify the relationship between visual behavior characteristics and psychological perception evaluation of the forest waterscape space where tourists have more behavioral evaluations during forest walk. Main results are as follows: 1. There are differences eye movement behaviors of different types of forest waterscape space, especially in the visual span; 2. There are significant differences visitor’s psychological evaluation of different types of forest waterscape in five indices, which in whether the landscape content is changing, whether the color is rich, whether the color is bright, whether the space is open and whether you can see the distant landscape; 3. There is a correlation between human eye movement behavior and psychological perception evaluation in different types of forest waterscape spaces. The scenes with a large number of fixations also have higher satisfaction, and fixations count have positively correlated with the spatial perception evaluation results, which including plant diversity, landscape richness, permeability and the layering. That is to say, richness of landscape elements and color, permeability of the space and the regularity of the forest waterscape space affect the participants’ eye movement observation mode. Through the above analysis, we suggest that in the planning and design of forest waterscape space should be considerate the characteristics of different landscape elements, meanwhile we should pay attention to the interspersion of appropriate heterogeneous landscape space.