Electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial subwavelength composites with periodic structures, which can interact strongly with the incident light to achieve effective control of the light field. Metamaterial absorbers can achieve nearly 100% perfect absorption of incident light at a specific frequency, so they are widely used in sensors, optical switches, communication, and other fields. Based on the development history of metamaterials, this paper discusses the research background and significance of metamaterial perfect absorbers. Some perfect absorption mechanisms, such as impedance matching and coherent perfect absorption, are discussed. According to the functional division, the narrowband, dual frequency, multi-frequency, broadband, and tunable metamaterial perfect absorbers are briefly described.
Based on the theory of purposeful work behavior, this study proposed that the two facets of employee conscientiousness, namely duty orientation and achievement orientation, have opposite effects on pro-social rule breaking (PSRB). We also explored the moderating effect of employees’ task characteristic (job autonomy) and social characteristic (leader reward omission) on the above relationships. Using two-wave data collected from 216 employee-supervisor dyads, we found that duty orientation was positively related to PSRB, while achievement orientation was negatively related to PSRB. Further, job autonomy, by amplifying employees’ perceived meaningfulness of their higher-order implicit goals, can strengthen the positive effect of duty orientation and the negative effect of achievement orientation on PSRB. Similarly, leader reward omission could also activate the negative effect of achievement orientation and PSRB, but not significantly moderate the positive relationship between duty orientation and PSRB. By separating the distinct role of facet-specific personality, our study sheds light on the relationship between employee conscientiousness and PSRB.
A new method for colorimetric detection of solution concentration is presented. A paper-based microfluidic device was designed and made using printed circuit board technology. Detection zone patterns were designed and transferred to a printed circuit board by hollowing technology. The printed circuit board with patterns was stuck onto a copper sheet. The hollowed zone was filled with solid paraffin and then covered with a piece of filter paper. The paraffin wax was melted by heating the copper sheet and permeated into the filter paper. Solution to be detected was pipetted on the paper-based device with detective zones. The images of the detective zones were obtained using a microscope with charge-coupled device, which is used for calculating RGBI model to further obtain the solution concentration. Litmus was demonstrated in sample experiments. Results showed that maximum error of measured value of solution concentration to its true value is less than 2% using the presented method.
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