With the growth of the aging population, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased and influenced the work and daily life of AD patients, imposing a heavy burden on society and the patients' families. AD is a progressive disease with a long duration, and the pathogenesis is very complicated. Here, we found that alphalipoic acid (LA), an endogenous, naturally synthesized compound, could attenuate amyloid beta fragment (Aβ 25-35 )-induced PC12 cell toxicity. Aβ 25-35 treatment largely decreased the viability of PC12 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, which were accompanied by changes in the expression of the apoptosis-related genes. Further, the Wnt pathway was inactivated, and the expression of Wnt pathway-related proteins such as Frizzled2, GSK3β, and phosphorylated GSK3β were dysregulated after Aβ 25-35 treatment. LA efficiently attenuated Aβ 25-35 -induced PC12 cell apoptosis and downregulated the phosphorylation-mediated degradation of β-catenin as well as GSK3β. Our results demonstrate that LA rescues Aβ 25-35 -induced neurocytotoxicity through the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
The main purpose of this paper is to present experimental results from model tests of a semisubmersib-Ie platform at large angles of list. Very little work has previously been done in this problem area, and hardly any of it has been published. Therefore, we entered our test programme for the following two reasons: To provide insight into the problem of a large list angle, and to see how far linear hydrodynamic theory could be used to predict the forces and motions of the platform. Both items are discussed in the paper.
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