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The deposition of aerosol particles has a significant impact on the output capacity of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, studying the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles on photovoltaic modules is of great importance for improving their output capacity. Particle morphology is one of the important parameters affecting the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles. This study introduces the spherical coefficient as a quantification method for characterizing the morphology of aerosol particles. Numerical simulations using FLUENT 2022 software were conducted to investigate the influence of the spherical coefficient on the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles on photovoltaic modules. The reliability of the numerical simulations was further validated through experimental studies. Based on the research, the following conclusions can be drawn: the airflow velocity near the surface of the photovoltaic panel increases from bottom to top, with the lowest wind speed recorded near the ground at a minimum value of 2.2 m/s and a maximum value of 3.89 m/s. The air pressure near the surface of the photovoltaic panel shows a decreasing trend from bottom to top, with the highest pressure recorded near the ground at a maximum value of 10 pa and a minimum value ranging from 3.33~5.56 pa. During the deposition process, the accumulation of particles increases with an increase in the sphericity factor. Furthermore, as the sphericity factor gradually increases, the distribution of particles on the surface of the photovoltaic panel becomes more dispersed, covering the entire surface.

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The deposition of aerosol particles can significantly affect the surface transmittance of photovoltaic (PV) modules and thus reduce photoelectric efficiency. With the aid of the control variable method, orthogonal experimental design, and stepwise linear regression method, a numerical simulation study of the deposition process of aerosol particles on the surface of a PV module is carried out in this paper. The influence laws of inflow wind velocity (v), particle diameter (d), installation angle (𝜶), and particle concentration (c) on the deposition process of aerosol particles are analyzed, respectively. The deposition mechanism of aerosol particles on the surface of the PV module is disclosed, and the prediction model of deposition rate (n) is proposed. The results show that v, d, and c all positively affect n of the aerosol particles within the value ranges of each investigation variable in this study. 𝜶 positively affects n of the aerosol particles when v is less than 3.65 m s −1 . 𝜶 negatively affects the n of the aerosol particles when v is larger than 3.65 m s −1 . The prediction model could accurately predict the n of aerosol particles. This research has a theoretical guiding significance for the formulation process of cleaning strategies for the surface of PV modules.