BackgroundThe abnormality of interleukin-21 (IL-21)-IL-21-receptor (IL-21R) system has been found in many autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of the IL-21 and IL-21R are associated with Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), two major forms of AITDs, among a Chinese population.MethodsRs907715, rs4833837, rs2221903 and rs2055979 of the IL-21 gene and rs3093301 and rs2285452 of the IL-21R gene were explored in a case–control study including 405 GD, 228 HT patients and 242 controls. These genes were genotyped by the PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the MASS spectrometry method.ResultsFor IL-21 gene, we identified and confirmed a higher prevalence of A alleles of rs2221903 (P = 0.018, OR = 1.50 95% CI = 1.07-2.09) in GD patients. We also found a significant association between rs2221903 and HT (allele: P = 0.009, OR = 1.69 95% CI = 1.13-2.51; genotype: recessive P = 0.021, OR = 11.72 95% CI = 1.46-94.13). For the IL-21R gene, compared with controls, the genotype frequencies of rs3093301 and rs2285452 were significantly different in HT patients using dominant genetic model (P = 0.023, OR = 1.61 95% CI = 1.07-2.42; P = 0.031, OR = 1.71 95% CI = 1.05-2.80, respectively). Furthermore, the haplotype AA containing the major alleles of rs4833837 and rs2221903 was associated with increased susceptibility to GD with an OR of 1.50(95% CI =1.08-2.09, P = 0.016), and to HT with an OR of 1.69(95% CI =1.14-2.52, P = 0.009).ConclusionOur results indicated that the SNPs of the IL-21 gene is associated with the development of GD. In addition, we found that individuals with the SNPs of the common IL-21 and IL-21R may have higher risk of HT.

Plasmodiophora fire of broad bean is responsible for Olpidium Viciae Kusano, which is a kind of Fungi subdivided into bacteria flagellum amon. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction based method for the rapid identification internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of productionally significant fungi Olpidium Viciae Kusano from areas of 2500~3000 metres above sea level. Sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS4 have been used widely in molecular characteristic studies because of their relatively high variability and facility of amplification. A universal quickly SDS micro-DNA extraction method was used combining a RNaseA pretreatment step to remove PCR interferential RNA. Target sequences in ITS regions genomic were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Using Hanpanchun lesion and healthy bean leaves as template and ITS1, ITS4 as primer to amplify ITS region, the results revealed ITS gene of broad bean genome could be amplified with size of 750bp from healthy leaves, it could be amplified two fragments of 750bp and 500bp from the DNA template extracted from Hanpanchun lesion tissue. The ITS sequence of Olpidium Viciae Kusano is 99% homoeology with Cercospora (grey speck) pathogen. This may lay the foundation for research about classification and analyze evolutionary relationships of Olpidium Viciae Kusano.

To clarify the influence of the changes in the overlying water environment on the internal nitrogen release from reservoir sediments in different seasons, the quantitative linear relationship between the intensity of the nitrogen release from the sediment and the environmental factors of the overlying water was established, and their contribution rate to the nitrogen pollution of the reservoir during different storage periods was investigated. In this study, the sediment samples were collected from the Dahekou Reservoir in the Xilingol League, and the orthogonal simulation experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The mathematical model, which was established using multiple linear regression methods, revealed the following. The order of the significance of the influences of the environmental factors on the nitrogen release from the sediments in the Dahekou Reservoir is water temperature (T) > dissolved oxygen (DO) > pH value > hydrodynamic force (K). The total nitrogen release flux from the sediments in the Dahekou Reservoir was 14.278 t/a in 2018, accounting for 27.91% of the total nitrogen (TN) pollution load input during the same period. In particular, in winter, the contribution rate of the nitrogen released from the sediments reached the highest level (57.06–63.26%), which was significantly higher than the river’s contribution to the total nitrogen pollution load of the reservoir. The nitrogen released from the sediments became the main source of nitrogen nutrients in the reservoir in the ice-sealed period.

Space morphology of Dong villages in northern Guangxi has accumulated a rich history and culture, and there exists a unique style in terms of settlement patterns, spatial structure, geomantic pattern and other aspects. Through the description for space morphology of villages, we will analyze the impact of modern civilization on traditional culture of Dong and its causes, and put forward the concept to promoting cultural heritage of villages through cultural reconstruction, idea renewal, resource management and other measures.