Purpose: To evaluate the associations between acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) hospitalizations and daily mean temperature (Tmean) as well as daily apparent temperature (AT), and to explore the practical values of these two indices in policymaking and patient education. Methods: Daily AECOPD hospitalizations and Meteorological data in Beijing were obtained between 2013 and 2016. Distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to investigate the association between daily ambient temperature and AECOPD hospitalizations. The cumulative effects of cold/hot temperature were abstracted. For the extreme and moderate low-temperature effect estimates, we, respectively, computed the RR of AECOPD hospitalizations at the 1st and 10th percentiles of temperature in comparison with that at the 25th percentile of temperature. For the extreme and moderate high temperature effect estimates, we, respectively, computed the RR of AECOPD hospitalizations at the 99th and 90th percentiles of temperature in comparison with that at the 75th percentile of temperature. Results: During the study period, 143, 318 AECOPD hospitalizations were collected. A reverse J-shape relationship was found between temperature and AECOPD hospitalizations. When comparing the effect of Tmean, higher RRs were associated with increases in AT on AECOPD hospitalizations but a lower value of Akaike's Information Criterion for quasi-Poisson (Q-AIC). The RR of extremely low temperature of Tmean and AT were 1.55 (95% CI: 1.21,2.00) and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.44,3.01), respectively. Moderate low temperature also had an adverse impact on AECOPD hospitalizations. No associations were found between high temperature and AECOPD risk. We found the females and those aged <65 years to be more susceptible to temperature change. Conclusion: Lower temperature is associated with a higher risk for AECOPD hospitalizations. Ambient temperature is probably a better predictor in terms of quantifying risk than mean temperature when studying temperature impact on health.

We designed and synthesized a bipolar deep-blue emitter 2,6-bis(4-(1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)pyridine (26BTPIPy) based on a meta-linking D-π-A-π-D stucture. Comparing to its para-linking analogue (25BTPIPy), the meta-linking in 26BTPIPy effectively shortens molecular conjugated length and restricts intramolecular charge transfer. Interestingly, unlike most other meta-linking emitters, a high fluorescent yield can be maintained in 26BTPIPy. This may be attributed to a relatively planar structure at the benzenepyridine-benzene joint in 26BTPIPy leading to considerable overlapping of its frontier molecular orbitals. These suitable combination in properties endow 26BTPIPy with efficient deep-blue emission and good bipolar carrier tranporting characteristics. An organic lightemitting device using 26BTPIPy as emitter shows a low turn-on voltage (2.8 V), deep-blue emission with color index of (0.15, 0.09) and high current and external quantum efficiencies (4.16 cd A -1 and 5.15%). Besides, a bilayer device using 26BTPIPy as both emitting and electron-transporting material also gives high performance with current efficiency of 4.22 cd A -1 and color purity of (0.15, 0.11).

The adsorption capacities of a heterometallic metal-organic framework (CPM-200-In/Mg) to VOCs (HCHO, CH, CH, CH, CH, CH, CHCl, CHCl, CHCl and CHCl) and some inorganic gas molecules (HCN, SO, NO, CO, CO, HS and NH), as well as its selectivity in ternary mixture systems of natural gas and post-combustion flue gas are theoretically explored at the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and density functional theory (DFT) levels. It is shown that CPM-200-In/Mg is suitable for the adsorption of VOCs, particularly for HCHO (up to 0.39 g g at 298 K and 1 bar), and the adsorption capacities of some inorganic gas molecules such as SO, HS and CO match well with the sequence of their polarizability (SO > HS > CO). The large adsorption capacities of HCN and HCHO in the framework result from the strong interaction between adsorbates and metal centers, based on analyzing the radial distribution functions (RDF). Comparing CH and CH molecules interacting with CPM-200-In/Mg by VDW interaction, we speculate that the high adsorption capacities of their chlorine derivatives in the framework could be due to the existence of halogen bonding or strong electrostatic and VDW interactions. It is found that the basic groups, including -NH, -N and -OH, can effectively improve both the adsorption capacities and selectivity of CPM-200-In/Mg for harmful gases. Note that the adsorption capacity of CPM-200-In/Mg-NH (site 2) (245 cm g) for CO exceeded that of MOF-74-Mg (228 cm g) at 273 K and 1 bar and that for HCHO can reach 0.41 g g, which is almost twice that of 438-MOF and nearly 45 times of that in active carbon. Moreover, for natural gas mixtures, the decarburization and desulfurization abilities of CPM-200-In/Mg-NH (site 2) have exceeded those of the MOF-74 series, while for post-combustion flue gas mixtures, the desulfurization ability of CPM-200-In/Mg-NH (site 2) is still comparable to those of the MOF-74 series at 303 K and 4 MPa. We hope that the current theoretical study could guide experimental research in the future.

Well-defined gold sensitizers for hydrogen production from water remain extremely rare despite decades of interest, and are currently limited to systems based on ruthenium, iridium or platinum complexes. This report details the synthesis and characterization of a series of neutral cyclometalated gold(iii) complexes of the type [(RC^N^CR)Au(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-R')] (R = H or tert-butyl group; R' = aryl groups) that have been found to be good candidates to function as harvesting materials in light-induced electron transfer reactions. We established the efficacy of systems with these gold(iii) complexes as photosensitizers (PSs) in the production of renewable hydrogen in the presence of [Co(2,2'-bipyridine)]Cl or [Rh(4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine)](PF) as a H-evolved catalyst and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial electron donor in acetone-water solution. All complexes are active, and there is a more than threefold increase over other candidates in photocatalytic H generation activity. Under the optimal reaction conditions, hydrogen evolution took place through a photochemical route with the highest efficiency and with a turnover number (TON) of up to 1441.5 relative to the sensitizer over 24 hours. In the initial photochemical path, the reductive quenching of the excited gold(iii) complex by TEOA due to the latter's greater concentration in the system followed by electron transfer to the catalyst species is proposed to be the dominant mechanism. A photo-to-H quantum yield of approximately 13.7% was attained when illuminated with monochromatic light of 400 nm. Such gold(iii) complexes have demonstrated significant utility in solar-to-hydrogen reactions and thus represent a new effective class of light-harvesting materials. These results open possibilities for pursuing more efficient photosensitizers featuring gold(iii) complexes in photocatalytic solar energy conversion.

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of three Os(ii) complexes (i.e., [Os(fptz)2(PPhMe2)2] (1, fptzH = 3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazole), [Os(fptz)2(CO)(L1)] (2, L1 = PPh3; 3, L1 = pyridine)) that have been successfully utilized as good photocatalysts to promote aerobic oxidative coupling of amines to imines with molecular oxygen in air as a green oxidant. Complex 1 is the most effective catalyst for the oxidative coupling of benzylamine with molecular O2 (air) as the oxidant because of the complex's strong absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet state. The application of a low catalyst loading (0.06 mol%) of complex 1 to the oxidative coupling of a wide range of amines affords the corresponding imines efficiently and selectively in most cases. The reaction mechanism was investigated via relevant control and quenching experiments. The results indicated that the reaction occurs via an active (1)O2-involved pathway. The (1)O2-generating ability of complex 1 as a photosensitizer was evaluated using 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) as a chemical trap for (1)O2.