In recent years, Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system has been becoming one of most important application of solar energy. Heat is the key of the BIPV design. If the temperature of photovoltaic modules is too high, it will affect the efficiency of solar cells, the structure performance of the components and service life. This paper present a photoelectric-thermoelectric (PV-TV) model which can collect heat from the solar panels so that to reduce its surface temperature, and then to generate electricity by using of temperature difference technology and devices. The model presented in this paper provides designers a new concept in BIPV design.

With the development of digital very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI), how to reduce the power dissipation and improve the operation speed are two aspects among the most concerned fields. Based on sense amplifier technology and bulk-controlled technique, this paper proposes a bulk-controlled sense-amplifier D flip-flop (BCSADFF). Firstly, this flip-flop can change the threshold voltage of the NMOS by inputting control signals from the substrate so as to control the operating current. Secondly, the traditional RS flip-flop composed of two NAND gates is improved to a couple of inverters based on pseudo-PMOS dynamic technology. Therefore, the proposed BCSADFF can both effectively reduce the power dissipation and improve the circuit speed. Thirdly, the designed BCSADFF can work normally with ultra-dynamic voltage scaling from 1.8 V to 0.6V for SMIC 0.18-um standard CMOS process. Lastly, the Hspice simulation result shows that, compared with the traditional sense-amplifier D flip-flop (SADFF), the power dissipation of the BCSADFF is significantly reduced under the same operating conditions. When the power supply voltage is 0.9V, the power dissipation and delay of the SADFF is 6.54uW and 0.386ns while that of the proposed BCSADFF is 2.09uW and 0.237ns.

There is no national standard and international standard about nominal module operating temperature (NMOT) test methods for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules. An in-lab testing method for measuring NMOT of BIPV modules is proposed. Based on the real operation condition of solar cell, the effect of ambient temperature, wind speed and optimal load resistor to operating temperature were analyzed. The surface temperature, interior temperature and back temperature of BIPV module were measured and the NMOT was determined.

Aiming at the training requirement for cognizing and operating of a type of air-defense equipment, a virtual training system based on combined exploration of Solidworks and OpenGL is designed in this paper. First, considering the main work of the operation and maintenance staff of the air-defense equipment, the general scheme of the virtual training system is designed, and the combined exploring method is introduced. Then, the key techniques of the virtual training system are analyzed, which include virtual scene modeling, collaborative operation simulation and intelligent examination algorithm. The virtual training system provides a low cost and high efficiency platform for operation and maintenance staff of the air-defense equipment.