No abstract

Haemaphysalis longicornis is an obligate haematophagous ectoparasite, transmitting a variety of pathogens, which brings great damage to human health and animal husbandry development. Lipocalins (LIP) are a family of proteins that transport small hydrophobic molecules and also involve in immune regulation, such as the regulation of cell homeostasis, inhibiting the host's inflammatory response and resisting the contractile responses in host blood vessels. Therefore, it is one of the candidate antigens for vaccines. Based on previous studies, we constructed the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP of LIP homologue from H. longicornis (HlLIP). ELISA results showed that rabbits immunized with pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP produced higher anti‐rHlLIP antibody levels compared with the pcDNA3.1 group, indicating that pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP induced the humoral immune response of host. Adult H. longicornis infestation trial in rabbits demonstrated that the engorgement weight, oviposition and hatchability of H. longicornis fed on rabbits immunized with pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP decreased by 7.07%, 14.30% and 11.70% respectively, compared with that of the pcDNA3.1 group. In brief, DNA vaccine of pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP provided immune protection efficiency of 30% in rabbits. This study demonstrated that pcDNA3.1‐HlLIP can partially protect rabbits against H. longicornis, and it is possible to develop a new candidate antigen against ticks.

Ribonucleases (RNases) play critical roles in RNA metabolism and are collectively essential for cell viability. However, the most knowledge about bacterial RNases comes from the studies on Escherichia coli, very little is known about the RNases in plant pathogens. The crucifer black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) encodes fifteen RNases, but none of them has been functionally characterized. Here, we report the physiological function of the exoribonuclease RNase D in Xcc and provide evidences demonstrating that the Xcc RNase D is involved in 5S rRNA degradation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Our work showed that the growth and virulence of Xcc were not affected by deletion of RNase D but were severely attenuated by RNase D overexpression. However, deletion of RNase D in Xcc resulted in a significant reduction in EPS production. In addition, either deletion or overexpression of RNase D in Xcc did not influence the tRNAs tested, inconsistent with the finding in E. coli that the primary function of RNase D is to participate in tRNA maturation and its overexpression degrades tRNAs. More importantly, deletion, overexpression and in vitro enzymatic analyses revealed that the Xcc RNase D degrades 5S rRNA but not 16S and 23S rRNAs that share an operon with 5S rRNA. Our results suggest that Xcc employs RNase D to realize specific modulation of the cellular 5S rRNA content after transcription and maturation whenever necessary. The finding expands our knowledge about the function of the RNase D in bacteria.