BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are higher among patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those with concomitant cardiovascular diseases, than in most other populations. We assessed the effects of lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonist, on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a recent acute coronary event. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a myocardial infarction or who had been hospitalized for unstable angina within the previous 180 days to receive lixisenatide or placebo in addition to locally determined standards of care. The trial was designed with adequate statistical power to assess whether lixisenatide was noninferior as well as superior to placebo, as defined by an upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio of less than 1.3 and 1.0, respectively, for the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: The 6068 patients who underwent randomization were followed for a median of 25 months. A primary end-point event occurred in 406 patients (13.4%) in the lixisenatide group and in 399 (13.2%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.17), which showed the noninferiority of lixisenatide to placebo (P<0.001) but did not show superiority (P=0.81). There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio in the lixisenatide group, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.23) or the rate of death (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.13). Lixisenatide was not associated with a higher rate of serious adverse events or severe hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, pancreatic neoplasms, or allergic reactions than was placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome, the addition of lixisenatide to usual care did not significantly alter the rate of major cardiovascular events or other serious adverse events. (Funded by Sanofi; ELIXA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01147250.). Jean-Claude (2015). Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are higher among patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly those with concomitant cardiovascular diseases, than in most other populations. We assessed the effects of lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonist, on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a recent acute coronary event. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a myocardial infarction or who had been hospitalized for unstable angina within the previous 180 days to receive lixisenatide or placebo in addition to locally determined standards of care. The trial was designed with adequate statistical power to assess whether lixisenatide was noninferior as well as superior to placebo, as defined by an upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio of less than 1.3 and 1.0, respectively, for the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: The 6068 patients who underwent randomization were followed for a median of 25 months. A primary end-point event occurred in 406 patients (13.4%) in the lixisenatide group and in 399 (13.2%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.17), which showed the noninferiority of lixisenatide to placebo (P<0.001) but did not show superiority (P=0.81). There were no significant between-group differences in the rate of hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio in the lixisenatide group, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.23) or the rate of death (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.13). Lixisenatide was not associated with a higher rate of serious adverse events or severe hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, pancreatic neoplasms, or allergic reactions than was placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome, the addition of lixisenatide to usual care did not significantly alter the rate of major cardiovascular events or other serious adverse events. (Funded by Sanofi; ELIXA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01147250.). Jean-Claude (2015). Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome.

The combination of magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy within a nanosystem is thought to be a promising approach for cancer therapies. However, the nonspecific accumulation and fast clearance of magnetic nanoparticles in the physiological environment limited their further biomedical applications. Herein, we report a highly selective theranostic nanocomplex, ZIPP-Apt:DOX/siHSPs, built with superparamagnetic zinc-doped iron oxide nano-octahedral core, cationic PAMAM dendrimer, and functional surface modifications such as PEG, AS1411 aptamer, and fluorescent tags (FITC or Cy5.5), together with the loading of hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and HSP70/HSP90 siRNAs. Our results demonstrate that the cellular uptake and the tumor-specific accumulation of ZIPP-Apt:DOX/siHSPs were significantly increased due to the AS1411-nucleolin affinity and further confirmed that the simultaneous depletion of HSP70 and HSP90 sensitized magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy-induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our study provides a theranostic nanoplatform for aptamer-targeted, NIR/MR dual-modality imaging guided, and HSP70/HSP90 silencing sensitized magnetochemotherapy, which has the potential to advance versatile magnetic nanosystems toward clinical applications.

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BACKGROUND: An ozonation catalyst needs to be recycled easily and to exhibit high activity in view of its practical application in wastewater treatment. In this study, magnetic mesoporous MgFe 2 O 4 was successfully prepared and used as a new ozonation catalyst for degradation of Acid Orange II (AOII). The role of Mg in MgFe 2 O 4 was revealed to explain the high activity by catalytic experiments and XPS analysis. RESULTS: The degradation efficiency of AOII in the MgFe 2 O 4 /O 3 process exceeds 90% over a wide pH range of 4.6-9.6, slightly affected by the solution pH. The catalytic activity of MgFe 2 O 4 is much higher than that of MgO, Fe 2 O 3 and also their mixture (MgO+Fe 2 O 3 ) with identical molar ratio of Mg 2+ to Fe 3+ , indicating the first role of Mg, i.e. coupling with Fe to present a synergistically catalytic effect. Furthermore, MgFe 2 O 4 possesses a reaction rate constant at least 2.3 times that of NiFe 2 O 4 , MnFe 2 O 4 , and CuFe 2 O 4 . It illustrates the second role of Mg, i.e. causing the high electron density on lattice oxygen in MgFe 2 O 4 indicated by XPS and thus favoring activation of the electrophilic ozone. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the easy recycling and high activity of MgFe 2 O 4 in catalytic ozonation, and revealed the role of Mg in MgFe 2 O 4 . /jctb J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2016; 91: 985-993