The genus Anatrichus Loew, 1860 belongs to the subfamily Oscinellinae of the family Chloropidae. We report the complete mitogenome of Anatrichus pygmaeus as the new representative of the subfamily Oscinellinae. The complete mitochondrial genome was 17,125 bp in length. It consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The phylogenetic result showed that the family Chloropidae is monophyletic, and the subfamily Chloropinae is a sister group of the subfamily Oscinellinae.

Dicraeus orientalis feeds on the seeds of Poaceae. The complete mitochondrial genome of D. orientalis was sequenced and annotated as the first representative of the family Chloropidae. The full length of mitogenome was 16,188 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The nucleotide composition was highly A þ T biased, accounting for 79.1% of the whole mitogenome. All PCGs start with ATN codons except COI, which end with TAN or incomplete stop codon. ML analysis revealed that Carnoidea was closely related to Ephydroidea and the phylogenetic relationship within Acalyptratae was Tephritoidea þ ((Carnoidea þ Ephydroidea) þ Opomyzoidea).

House flies (Muscidae) comprise the most species-rich family of the muscoid grade with over 5000 described species worldwide, and they are abundant in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The high number of species, varied appearances, complex feeding habits, and wide distributions have hindered researchers from understanding their phylogeny and evolutionary history. Here, we newly sequenced fifteen mitochondrial genomes and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and divergence time among eight subfamilies of Muscidae (Diptera). The best phylogenetic tree, which was inferred by IQ-Tree, recovered the monophyly for seven out of eight subfamilies (except for Mydaeinae). Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, we prefer the subfamily status of Azeliinae and Reinwardtiinae, and separate Stomoxyinae from Muscinae. Genus Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 was synonymized with Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. The divergence time estimation indicated Muscidae originated at 51.59 Ma (early Eocene). Most subfamilies had originated around 41 Ma. We provided a mtgenomic viewpoint on the phylogenetic relationships and divergence time estimation of Muscidae.

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The species of the genus Rhodesiella Adams, 1905 from Xizang of China are reviewed with the descriptions of the following four new species: R. arcuata sp. n., R. longiseta sp. n., R. perpendicularis sp. n. and R. uncata sp. n. A key to the species of Rhodesiella from Xizang is given. Comments and feature figures of new species are provided for identification. Neorhodesiella Cherian, 2002 is synonymized with Rhodesiella Adams, 1905.