The mini-slot-die coater offers a simple, convenient, materials-efficient route to print bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) that show efficiencies similar to spin-coating. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and GI small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) methods are used in real time to characterize the active-layer formation during printing. A polymer-aggregation-phase-separation-crystallization mechanism for the evolution of the morphology describes the observations.

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Upon heating,p olyesters decompose to small molecules and release flammable volatiles and toxic gases, primarily through chain scission of their ester linkages,a nd therefore exhibit poor fire-safety properties,t hus restricting their applications.R eported herein is an end-group-capturing effect of (bis)oxazoline groups,g enerated from the thermal rearrangement of the N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide (HPI) moiety whichw as incorporated into the polyester chain by copolymerization. These copolyesters,asaresult, exhibit high efficiency in retarding decomposition by capturing the decomposed products,p articularly for the carbonyl-terminated fragments,t hus increasing the fire-safety properties,s uch as selfextinguishing,a nti-dripping,a nd inhibiting heat release and smoke production. The successful application of this method in both semi-aromatic and aliphatic polyesters providepromising perspectives to designing versatile fire-safe polymers. Figure 2. Pyrolysis and decomposition process of PET and PET-co-HPI 20 .T hree-dimensional TG-IR spectra of PET (a) and PET-co-HPI 20 (b). c) Absorbanceintensity change of CO 2 and carbonyl group as afunction of time obtained from TG-IR. d) Characteristic chromatographic peak of bisbenzoxazole derivate detected from Py-GC/MS. e) Thermalr earrangement process of PET-co-HPI.

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Polystyrene electrospun optical fibrous membrane (EOF) was fabricated using a one-step electrospinning technique, functionalized with glucose oxidases (GOD/EOF), and used as a quick and highly sensitive optical biosensor. Because of the doped iridium complex, the fibrous membrane emitted yellow luminescence (562 nm) when excited at 405 nm. Its luminescence was significantly enhanced with the presence of extremely low concentration glucose. The detection limit was of 1.0 × 10(-10) M (S/N = 3), superior to that of reported glucose biosensor with 1.2 × 10(-10) M. A linear range between the relative intensity increase and the logarithm of glucose concentration was exhibited from 3.0 × 10(-10) M to 1.3 × 10(-4) M, which was much wider than reported results. Notably, the response time was less than 1 s. These high sensitivity and fast response were attributed to the high surface-area-to-volume of the porous fibrous membrane, the efficient GOD biocatalyst reaction on the fibers surface, as well as the fast electron or energy transfer between dissolved oxygen and the optical fibrous membrane.