Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Asian Development Bank InstituteThe Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI's working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication.ADB recognizes "China" as the People's Republic of China. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published.Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building, 8th Floor 3-2-5 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, JapanTel:+81-3-3593-5500 Fax:+81-3-3593-5571 URL:www.adbi.org E-mail: info@adbi.org AbstractExploring data from the urban and migrant household surveys of the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), this paper dissects the underlying causes of the depressing effect of the hukou system on migrant household consumption into two channels. On one hand, the disentitlement to local urban hukou promotes temporary migration and incentivizes migrant households to save their transitory income. On the other hand, it creates financial insecurity through barriers to employment, social welfare, and medical insurance, etc., thereby encouraging precautionary saving. Factors reflecting these considerations, such as medical and pension insurance, the duration of migration, and local homeownership, are specifically modeled, and are found to contribute to the discrepancies in consumption between migrant and local urban households, among other factors. In addition, the marginal propensity to consume exhibits heterogeneity across households; it is higher with a longer duration of migration, local homeownership, and self-employment. The lack of these attributes further reinforces the reluctance of migrant households to consume.

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The paper studies the relationship between financial liberalization, characterized by removing entry restrictions, and bank loan quality. It shows that if a banking market is liberalized, the opportunity cost of screening loan applicants is driven lower by competition. Thus, a bank facing an entry threat is more likely to invest in screening instead of relying on collateral requirements. Removing entry restrictions may improve loan quality stability and reduce correlation between bank performance and asset price fluctuations.

This simple classroom experiment is designed to help students to better understand the concept and the theory of money demand. By simulating what households face in real life, the experiment allows students to reflect on the cost and benefit of holding money and understand how money demand is affected by various factors. The experiment is suitable for an undergraduate macroeconomics course at the introductory or intermediate level. The paper also presents evidence of student learning resulting from the experiment, controlling for student characteristics.

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