It is widely accepted that addictive drug use is related to abnormal functional organization in the user’s brain. The present study aimed to identify this type of abnormality within the brain networks implicated in addiction by resting-state functional connectivity measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). With fMRI data acquired during resting state from 14 chronic heroin users (12 of whom were being treated with methadone) and 13 non-addicted controls, we investigated the addiction related alteration in functional connectivity between the regions in the circuits implicated in addiction with seed-based correlation analysis. Compared with controls, chronic heroin users showed increased functional connectivity between nucleus accumbens and ventral/rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and orbital frontal cortex (OFC), between amygdala and OFC; and reduced functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and OFC, and ACC. These observations of altered resting-state functional connectivity suggested abnormal functional organization in the addicted brain and may provide additional evidence supporting the theory of addiction that emphasizes enhanced salience value of a drug and its related cues but weakened cognitive control in the addictive state.

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For the past decade, lead halide perovskites have experienced impressive progress in photovoltaics with the certified device conversion efficiency over 25%, owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, the toxicity...

Heterostructured metal-organic framework (MOF)-on-MOF thin films have the potential to cascade the various properties of different MOF layers in as equence to produce functions that cannot be achieved by single MOF layers.A ni ntegration method that relies on van der Waals interactions,a nd whicho vercomes the lattice-matching limits of reported methods,has been developed. The method deposits molecular sieving Cu-TCPP (TCPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) layers onto semiconductive Cu-HHTP (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydrotriphenylene) layers to obtain highly oriented MOF-on-MOF thin films. Fort he first time,t he properties in different MOF layers were cascaded in sequence to synergistically produce an enhanced device function. Cu-TCPP-on-Cu-HHTP demonstrated excellent selectivity and the highest response to benzene of the reported recoverable chemiresistive sensing materials that are active at room temperature.This method allows integration of MOFs with cascading properties into advanced functional materials.